Imbono yozungu
Umbono wozungu (noma umbono wephako) uyisenzakalo noma isimo esigomela ukuba khona kozungu olwenziwa amaqembu amandla nahlose okubi, imvamisa ashukunyiswa ezombusazwe, [1] lapho ezinye izincazelo zingenzeka . [2] [3] Leli gama linencazelo engeyinhle, okusho ukuthi inkulumo yombono wozungu isekwe ekubandlululeni, ekuphakameni kwamaphaphu noma ebufakazini obunganele. Umbono wozungu awufani nozungu; ngoba kubhekiswa ozungwini oluhlawumbiselwayo olunezinkondolo ezithile, njengokuphikisana no-elethu olwamukelwe phakathi kwalabo abafaneleka ukuvavanya ukunemba kwalo (njengososayensi noma izazi-mlando). [4] [5]
Imibono yephako imvama iklanyelwe ukumelana nokufunyanwa ingamanga futhi iqiniswe ngezizathu ezindingilizayo: kokubili ubufakazi obumelene nephako kanye nokungabi khona kobufakazi obuyisekayo kuhlakahlwakabi njengobufakazi bokuba iqiniso kwayo, nxashana iphako liphenduka udaba lokholo kunokuba yinto enafakazelwa noma cha. Izifundo ziye zakhongca inkolelo emibonweni yephako nokungathenjwa kwegunya kanye nokugxeka ezombusazwe. Ngowezi-2020 isibhalwa sembuyekezo sathola ukuthi iningi losonzululwazi bengqondo babebuka ukuba nemibono yephako njengokungahlobene nokugula, ngenxa yokuthi inkolelo ephakweni kuyinto evamile kumasikompilo amaningi angokomlando nawanamuhla, futhi kuyaye kuvuswe ukuthambekela komuntu kusuka ngaphakathi ekufecezeni, ekuzwaneni kweqembu, nasenkolweni.
Izinhlobo
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Umbono wozungu ungaba owasekhaya noma owamazwe omhlaba, ugxile emicimbini eyodwa noma ehlanganisa izehlakalo eziningi nawo wonke amazwe, izifunda nezikhathi zomlando. [4]Ngokusho kukaRuseell Muirhead noNancy Rosenblum, ngokomlando, uzungu lwendabuko lune "mbono", kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, "uzungu" kanye "nethiyori" sekuphelile, njengoba uzungu lwesimanje luhlala lungenalo uhlobo lwethiyori ngemuva kwalo. [6]
- ↑ Goertzel, T (December 1994). Belief in conspiracy theories. "explanations for important events that involve secret plots by powerful and malevolent groups"
- ↑ Brotherton, Robert. Measuring Belief in Conspiracy Theories: The Generic Conspiracist Beliefs Scale.
- ↑ Additional sources:
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Barkun, Michael. Conspiracy Theories as Stigmatized Knowledge. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Barkun2016" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Brotherton, Robert. Towards a definition of 'conspiracy theory'.
- ↑ Muirhead, Russell (2021-02-01). Will Reality Bite Back: Conspiratorial Fictions and the Assault on Democracy.