Imfundo eNingizimu Afrika
| UMnyango Wemfundo Eyisisekelo UMnyango Wemfundo Ephakeme Nokuqeqeshwa | |
|---|---|
| UNgqongqoshe Wemfundo Eyisisekelo UNgqngqoshe Wemfundo Ephakeme | Siviwe Gwarube Buti Manamela |
| Isabelomali sezemfundo kuzwelonke (2026) | |
| Isabelomali | R507.8 billion |
| Imininingwane | |
| Iziimi eziyinhloko | Izilimi zaseNingizimu Afrika IsiNgisi |
| Uhlobo lohlelo | Imfudo yomphakathi, neyangasese |
| Ikhonombhalo (2025) | |
| Isamba | 95%[1] |
| Ababhalisayo | |
| Isamba | n/a |
| Amabangaphansi | n/a on stats SA |
| Amabangaphezulu | n/a on stats SA |
| Emva kwesikole | n/a on stats SA |
Ezemfundo eNingizimu Afrika zingaphansi kweminyango kazwelonke emibili, okunguMnyango Wemfundo Eyisisekelo (DBE), obheke ezemfundo ezikoleni samabangaphansi namabangaphezulu, kanye noMnyango Wemfundo Ephakeme Noqeqesho (DHET), obheke ezemfundo ephakeme nezikhungo zokuqeqeshelwa imisebenzi. Ngaphambi kowezi-2009, yomibili iminyango yayingumnyango owodwa obizwa UMnyango Wemfundo.
Ngowezi-2025, Amazinga ekhonombhalo eNingizimu Afrika eyengamaphesenti angama-95%, okuyisibalo sesibili esiphezulu kuzwekazi lase+Afrika (kulandela iSeychelles).[1]
Umnyango Wemfundo Eyisisekelo obheke izikole zomphakathi, nezikole zangasese (ezibizwa ngokuthi izikole ezizimele), izikhungo zokukhulisa izingane (ECD), nezikole zabanezidingo ezikhethekile. Izikole zomphakathi nezangasese zizonie zibizwa ngokuthi izikole ezivamile, futhi zingamaphesenti angama-97 zikole zaseNingizimu Afrika. Ngokungafani nakwamanye amazwe, iningi lezikole zomphakathi zikhokhosa imali yokufunda. Izikole zingakhokhisi zaqala ukungeniswa kancane ngowezi-2007.[2][3]
UMnyango Wemfundo Ephakeme Noqeqesho ubheke amakolishi emfundo eqhubekayo noqeqesho (FET), namuhla aziwa ngokuthi amakolishi eMfundo noQeqesho Lwemisebenzi Nobuchule (TVET), Izikhungo zoemfundo noqeqesho lwabadala (ABET), nezikhungo zemfundo ephakeme (HE).
Izifundazwe zaseNingizimu Afrika ezilithoba zineyazo iminyango yezemfundo ebhekele ukugunundwa kwezinqubomgomo zomnyango kazwelonke futhi zixazulule izinkinga zendawo.
Ngowezi-2010, uhlelo lwemfundo lalinabafundi abayizi-12,644,208, izikole eziyizi-30,586, nabafundisi abayizi-439,394.[4] Ngowezi-2009, uhlelo lwemfundo noqeqesho lalinabafundi abayizi-837,779 esikhungwini zemfundo ephakeme, abafundi abayizi-420,475 esikhungwini zikahulumeni zemfundo noqeqesho oluqhubekayo (FET) nabayizi- 297,900 ezikhungwini zikahulumeni zemfundo noqeqesho lwabadala (ABET).[5]
Ngowezi-2013, UHulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika wachitha amaphesenti angama-21 esabelomali sikazwelonke kwezemfundo. Amaphesenti alishumi esabelomali ngawezemfundo ephakeme.
INhlangano ebizwa The Human Rights Measurement Initiative (HRMI)[6] yathola ukuthi iNingizimu Afrika ifezekisa amaphesenti angama-57.1 kuphela alokho okufanele ikufeze okuyilungelo lwemfundo uma kubhekwa amazinga emalingeniso ezweni.[7] Le nhlangano iHRMI ihlakahla ilungo lemfundo ngokubheka amalungelo kokubili emfundweni yamabangaphansi neyamabangaphezulu. Nakuba ibheka amazinga emalingeniso eNingizimu Afrika, kuthiwa Isizwe ziyakwazi ukufeza amaphesenti angama-70.8 alokho obekungenziwa ngezinsizakusebenza (imalingeniso) kwezemfundo yamabangaphansi namaphesenti angama80.9 kwezemfundo yamabangaphezulu, namaphesenti ali-19.6 kuzingabunjalo lezemfundo jikelele.
- UMthetho Wezikole zaseNingizimu Afrika we-1996 ulawula ufikelelo kwezemfundo, uqhakambisa izingabunjalo nokulawulwa kombusososabala ohlelweni lwezemfundo, futhi uqinisekisa ukuthi bonke abafundi banofikelelo lemfundo enezingabunjalo eliphezulu ngaphandle kokubandlululwa.
- UMthetho Wenqubongomo Yezemfundo Kazwelonke we-1996 uqakaqa izingubongomo, izibopho zomthetho nokwalusa zikaNgqongqoshe Wemfundo Eyisisekelo zibe umthetho, kuhlanganisa nobudlelwane obuphakathi kweziphathimandla zikazwelonke nezezifundazwe.
- UMthetho Wokuqashwa Kwabafundisi we-1998 ulawula ubungcwepheshi, isimilo, nezibopho zokucobdoza kwabafundisi nezimfuneko zamakhono abo.[8]
Uhlelo lwemfundo eyisisekelo
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Imfundo eyisisekelo eNingizimu Afrika yenzeka ezikoleni zamabangaphansi namabangaphezulu, kusuka kuBanga 1 (6–7-iminyaka) kuya kuBanga 12 (18–21-iminyaka). Abafundi abaqoqoda iBanga 12 bagogoda ngesifakazelo sikamatikuletsheni, esibavumeka ukuba badlulele emfundweni yezinga eliphakeme.[9]
Umnyango uqembula amabanga ngamaqebu amabili abizwa Imfundo Noqeqesho Jikelele (GET), ehlanganisa iBanga R (eliyinkulisa)[10]) namaBanga 1 kuya ku- 9, neMfundo Noqeqesho Oluqhubekayo (FET), ehlanganisa amaBanga 10 kuya ku- 12 Kanye namalungiselelo emfundo ephakeme nokuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi.
Iqembu le-GET liphinde lihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezibizwa ngokuthi ISigaba Esiyisisekelo (iBanga R - 3), ISigaba Esiphakathi (iBanga 4 - 6), neSigaba Ngqangi (iBanga 7 - 9).
| Iminyaka | IBanga |
|---|---|
| ISigaba Esiyisisekelo | |
| 5–6 | iBanga R |
| 6–7 | iBanga 1 |
| 7–8 | iBanga 2 |
| 8–9 | iBanga 3 |
| ISigaba Esiphakathi | |
| 9–10 | iBanga 4 |
| 10–11 | iBanga 5 |
| 11–12 | iBanga 6 |
| ISigaba Ngqangi | |
| 12–13 | iBanga 7 |
| 13–14 | iBanga 8 |
| 14–15 | iBanga 9 |
| ISigaba semfundo Noqeqesho Oluqhubekayo | |
| 15–16 | iBanga 10 |
| 16–17 | iBanga 11 |
| 17–18 | iBanga 12 |
Uhlelo lwemfundo ephakeme noqeqesho
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
Ubungeno enyuvesi budinga isifakazelo sikaMatikuletsheni, nakuba amanye amanyuvesi nezimfuneko zawo ezengeziwe zakwangqondonkulu. Umkhakha wemfundo ephakeme ezweni uyaphithizela, njengoba beyizigidi abafundi ababhalisela ukufunda emanyuvesi, emakolishi nasemanyuvesi ezobuchwepheshe. Wonke amanyuvesi azimele, eziphendulela eMkhandlwini yawo hhayi kuhulumeni. UHlaka Lwezimfanelo Kuzwelonke okuluhlelokulawula lwemfundo ephakeme ezweni lugunundwa Isiphathimandla Sezimfanelo saseNingizimu Afrika.
Ukungasebenzi kwabaqoqodile nokuqashwa kancane kwabo kuyizinkinga eziqhubekayo, njengoba bebaningi abafundi ayaqhubeka nokubhalisela izifundo zezoluntu, ezobuciko nezinzululwazi zenhlalo. Bambalwa abafundi abakhetha ukuyofunda izifundo ezinesidingo esiphezulu ezifana nokufundisa, ezempilo, ezohwebo, ezenzululwazi, ezobuchwepheshe, ezomngcikisho nomchazazibalo, kanye nezobuphepha.[12][13]
Umthetho Wokijija Amanyuvesi we-1959 wenza izinhloli zokuhlukanisa Amanyuvesi ngokobuhlanga. Phezu kwalokho, izabelo ezizimele zanikezwa Amanyuvesi azo. Ngemuva kokuhlanganiswa kwezabelo ezizimele, kwase kunamanyucesi namatechnikoni angama- 36 eNingizimu Afrika, ayesondelene futhi enezifubdo ezifanayo.[14]
Ngowe-1994, uhulumeni waqala ukuhlela kabusha Amanyuvesi namateknikoni ngokuwaxuba nokuwashumanqa. Lokhu kwafezwa ngowezi-2005. Kwadaleka Izikhungo ezintsha ezingama-22 kwezingu-36 zangaphambili. Ezilishumi kuzo zethuwa kabusha.[15]
Amaphatho
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]- 1 2 Umamah Bakharia (29 April 2025). "South Africa has second highest rate of literate adults in Africa". Mail & Guardian. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 1 May 2025.
- ↑ "Education Policy: School Fees". Etu.org.za. Archived from the original on 2021-01-23. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2017-08-27.
- ↑ "Free schooling for five million - SouthAfrica.info". www.southafrica.info. Archived from the original on 28 January 2013.
- ↑ "Photographic image". Education.gov.za. Archived from the original on 28 September 2015. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2017-08-27.
- ↑ "Education Statistics in South Africa 2009". Department of Basic Education. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2013-05-02.
- ↑ "Human Rights Measurement Initiative – The first global initiative to track the human rights performance of countries". humanrightsmeasurement.org. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2022-03-27.
- ↑ "South Africa - HRMI Rights Tracker". rightstracker.org (in i-English). Archived from the original on 2022-03-24. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2023-08-07.
- ↑ "Education". South African Government. 2022-04-01. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2024-06-27.
- ↑ Systematic Reviews of Research in Basic Education in South Africa (1 ed.). African Sun Media. 2021. ISBN 978-1-991201-14-0. JSTOR j.ctv1nzfwxq.
- ↑ Macha, Wilson; Kadakia, Aditi (2 May 2017). "Education in South Africa". World Education News and Reviews. World Education Services. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 6 August 2023.
- ↑ "Report on the Alignment of the South African National Qualifications Framework (SANQF) to the Southern African Development Community Qualifications Framework (SADCQF)" (PDF). South African Qualifications Authority. October 2018. p. 28. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 6 August 2023.
- ↑ "South African graduates may be employed but skills and jobs don't match". The South African. Blue Sky Publications. 14 April 2021. Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 21 April 2021.
- ↑ "SA graduates may get the job but lack the skills". IOL. 13 September 2021. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 23 September 2021.
- ↑ "Unisa Online - the restructuring of SA higher education". Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2013-05-08.
- ↑ "AllBursaries - list of universities in South Africa". allbursaries.co.za. 2022-11-27. Archived from the original on 2022-11-27. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2022-11-27.