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Imfundo ephakeme

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Abafundi bathwasiswa ngezifundo ze-linear algebra nguhobela wabo eNyuvesi Yezobuchwepheshe yaseHelsinki, Finland
Umfundi ufunda ukulingisa imoto eLusaka, eZambia

Imfundo ephakeme iyisigaba semfundo esilandela emva kokuphothulwa kwemfundo yamabangaphezulu. IBhange Lomhlaba lichasisa imfundo ephakeme njengehlanganisa amaNyuvesi, amaKolishi nezikole zomsebenzi.[1] Imfundo ephakeme ithathwa njengehlanganisa imfunda nabagogodi, kuyilapho imfundo yomsebenzi elabdela imfundo yamabangaphezulu yaziwa ngokuthi imfundo eqhubekayo.

Imfundo ephakeme ngokuvamile iholela ekutholeni izifakazelo, amadiploma, namadegree. Imfundo ephakeme lapho yeziqo ezingeyona I degree ibizwa ngokuthi imfundo eqhubekayo.

INhlangano iUNESCO iveze ukuthi imfundo ephakeme ihlozinge esigabaveni sokufunda emkhakheni ekhethekile. Ihlanganisa imfundo yomsebenzi yakwaNgqondonkulu nephakeme.[2] Umbiko Wentuthuko Yomhlaba wezi-2019 okhishwa iBhange loMhlaba, laveza lokhu ngengomuso lomsebenzi[3] njengoba ingomuso lomsebenzi nokwanda kweqhaza lezobuchwepheshe kusizimaluhide (value chains) imfundo ephakeme ingundabamlonyeni kubasebenzi abafuna imisebenzi endayini yemisebenzi.

Incasiselo

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A post-secondary graduate receives a diploma during a graduation ceremony at Germanna Community College in Virginia.

Imfundo ephakeme iyisigaba sesithathu umfundi angakhetha ukusihamba, esilandela imfundo yamabangaphezulu. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa amaNyuvesi, amaKolishi nezikhungo zemisebenzi, zonke ezihlinzeka abafundi ngeziqu ezingekho ezikolni zamabangaphezulu.

Ngokohlelo Lamazwe Omhlaba Lomjinjo Wezemfundo langowe-1997, imfundo ephakeme yayijinjwa ndawonye esigabeni wesihlanu bese izifundo zobungcituabuchopho zona zibe isigaba 6. Ngowezi-2011 lokhu kwalungiswa futhi kwandiswa ngokohlelo okusha olubizwa ISCED#2011. Imfundo ephakeme ezingeni lobumfunda, ubuhuqazi nobingcitha yafakwa esigabeni 6, 7, and 8. Izigaba zemfundo ephakeme ezingakhiphi amadegree zona kuthiwa imfundo esaqhubeka, futhi zona zisegabeni se-4 nese-5.[4]

uMlando

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INyuvesi yaseBologna e-Italy, eyasungulwa ngowe-1088 A.D., iyinyuvesi endala kunezinye emhlabeni, futhi esaqhubeka nokusebenza
INyuvesi yaseNaples Federico yasungulwa ngowe-1224 umbusi weRoma Engcwele uFrederick wesibili.[5][6]

Izikhungo zemfundo ephakeme ezindala nezaziwayo zavela eGibhithe, ngeziNdlu Zempilo ezibizwa Pr-Anx ezakhiwe njengemitapolwazi nezokubhalela, ezaziqukethe imisebenzi yezomthetho, ezokwalha, umchazazibalo, ezokwelapha futhi ziqeqesha kokubili "swnw" (abesilisa) "swnwt" (nabesifazane) ukuba babe yizinyanga.[7]

Amaphatho

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  1. ↑ "Tertiary Education". World Bank (in i-English). Archived from the original on 2017-12-10. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2025-12-14.
  2. ↑ "Tertiary education (ISCED levels 5 to 8)". UNESCO. Archived from the original on 8 February 2020. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2018-07-02.
  3. ↑ "World Bank World Development Report 2019: The Changing Nature of Work" (PDF). documents.worldbank.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-09-06. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2025-12-14.
  4. ↑ "Revision of the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED)" (PDF). www.uis.unesco.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-05-25. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2025-12-14.
  5. ↑ Storia d'Italia. 4. Torino: UTET. 7 August 1981. p. 122. ISBN 88-02-03568-7.
  6. ↑ Delle Donne, Fulvio (2010). Storia dello Studium di Napoli in età sveva (in isi-Italian). Mario Adda Editore. pp. 9–10. ISBN 978-88-8082-841-9.
  7. ↑ Gordan, Andrew H.; Shwabe, Calvin W. (2004). The Quick and the Dead: Biomedical Theory in Ancient Egypt. Egyptological Memoirs. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers. p. 154. ISBN 978-90-04-12391-5.
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