Inkolo nezidakamizwa

Izinkolo eziningi ziveze imibono yazo ngokwamukelekayo ukudliwa njengendlela yokudakwa kwezinhloso zokomoya, zokuzijabulisa noma zokwelapha.Izinto ezisebenza ngengqondo nazo zingadlala indima enkulu ekuthuthukiseni inkolo nemibono yezenkolo kanye nasemicikilishweni.

I-Neolithic

Encwadini ethi Inside the Neolithic Mind, ababhali, abavubukuli uDavid Lewis-Williams noDavid Pearce bathi izidakamizwa ze-hallucinogenic zakha isisekelo senkolo ye-neolithic nobuciko be-rock.Imikhuba nezithombe ezifanayo zitholakala kubantu bomdabu "benkathi yamatshe" yangaleso sikhathi eNingizimu Melika besebenzisa yaje.

IGrisi yasendulo

Ezinye izazi ziphakamise ukuthi izinkolo zasendulo zamaGrikhi zasebenzisa ama- entheogen, afana neKykeon enkabeni yezimfihlakalo ze -Eleusinian, ukwenza umbono noma isimo sokuphupha.Ucwaningo olwenziwe nguJohn R. Hale, uJelle Zeilinga de Boer, uJeffrey P. Chanton kanye noHenry A. Spiller lukhombisa ukuthi iziphrofetho zeDelphic Oracle zashiwo ngabaPristikazi ngaphansi kwethonya lomhoshana wegesi okhishwe emhlabathini.Okutholakele kwabo kushicilelwe ku Ukubuza i-Delphic Oracle: Ukubuka konke / i-Tale edakisayo .

IMesoamerica yasendulo

Imininingwane yemivubukulo, ye-ethnohistorical, ne-ethnographic ikhombisa ukuthi amasiko aseMesoamerican asebenzise izinto ze- psychedelic kumasiko okwelapha nawenkolo.Ama- Aztec asendulo ayesebenzisa izitshalo nezilwane ezahlukahlukene ze-entheogenic emphakathini wabo, kufaka phakathi i- ololiuqui ( Rivea corymbosa ), teonanácatl ( Psilocybe spp. ), Kanye ne peyotl ( Lophophora williamsii ). ^[1]Izinjongo zokusetshenziswa kwama- entheogenics ngamaMaya ukuphulukiswa ngokomoya, ukuzuza ukuhlakanipha, kanye nemikhosi yenkolo.Imiphumela yezitshalo ze-psychedelic ngesikhathi semicikilisho yenkolo kukholakala ukuthi ibe nomthelela ekwakhiweni nasekudalweni kwezithombe, nezithombe ezingcwele. ^[2]

UbuHindu

UbuHindu bunomlando wokusetshenziswa kwe-psychedelic kubuyela emuva enkathini yamaVedic.Imibhalo emidala kunayo yonke yamaHinduism Rigveda (1500 BCE), ikhuluma ngokusetshenziswa kwesiko kwe-psychedelic yaphezulu eyaziwa ngokuthi yi- soma.Kunemibono eminingi mayelana neresiphi yeSoma. Abaphenyi abangewona amaNdiya baphakamise abazongenela ukhetho okubalwa kubo u- Amanita muscaria, Psilocybe cubensis, Peganum harmala kanye ne- Ephedra sinica.Ngokwezifundo zakamuva ze-philological and archaeological, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, imiyalo yokulungiselela eqondile iqinisekisa kuRig Vedic Hymns ( inkathi yeVedic ) iSoma yasendulo kungenzeka ukuthi yayiqukethe iPoppy, Phaedra / Ephedra (isitshalo) neCannabis . ^[3]

Ku- Vedas, kusetshenziswa igama elifanayo elithi soma ekuphuzeni, esitshalweni, nakunkulunkulu waso. Ukuphuza isoma kuveza ukungafi ( Amrita, Rigveda 8.48.3).I-Indra ne- Agni bavezwa njenge-soma eqothulayo ngobuningi. Ezinganekwaneni ze-vedic, u-Indra waphuza kakhulu isoma ngenkathi elwa nedimoni lenyoka iVritra Ukusetshenziswa kwesoma ngabantu kufakazelwa kahle enkambisweni yamaVeda.

UbuBuddha

KubuBuddha i-Right View ( samyag-dṛṣṭi / sammā-diṭṭhi ) nayo ingahunyushwa ngokuthi "umbono ofanele", "umbono ofanele" noma "ukuqonda okulungile", iyindlela efanele yokubuka impilo, imvelo, nomhlaba njengoba kunjalo zingezethu ngempela. Ukuqonda ukuthi iqiniso lethu lisebenza kanjani.Kusebenza njengesizathu lapho othile eqala ukuprakthiza indlela.Ichaza izizathu zobukhona bethu njengomuntu, ukuhlupheka, ukugula, ukuguga, ukufa, ukubakhona kokuhaha, inzondo, nokukhohlisa.Ukubuka kwesokudla kunikeza ukuqondiswa nokusebenza kwezinye izinto eziyisikhombisa zendlela. Kuqala ngemiqondo nolwazi lokuphakanyiswa, kepha ngokwenza umkhuba wokuhlunga okulungile, kancane kancane kudluliselwa ekuhlakanipheni, okungaqeda izibopho zengqondo.Ukuqonda kombono ofanele kuzogqugquzela umuntu ukuthi aphile impilo enhle ngokuhambisana nombono ofanele.Emigqeni kaPāli neyamaShayina, kuchazwa kanjena:

Indlela yokuziphilisa efanele

Indlela yokuziphilisa efanele ( samyag-ājīva / sammā-ājīva ).Lokhu kusho ukuthi odokotela akufanele bahlanganyele kwezentengiselwano noma emisebenzini, eqondile noma engaqondile, eholela ekulimaleni kwezinye izidalwa eziphilayo.

Izinhlobo ezinhlanu zamabhizinisi okungafanele zenziwe:

Ibhizinisi ngezikhali: ukuhweba ngazo zonke izinhlobo zezikhali nezinsimbi zokubulala.
Ibhizinisi kubantu: ukuhweba ngezigqila, ukuthengisa ngomzimba, noma ukuthenga nokuthengisa kwezingane noma kwabantu abadala.
Ibhizinisi enyameni: "inyama" isho izidumbu zezidalwa ngemuva kokubulawa kwazo. Lokhu kufaka ukuzalanisa izilwane zokuhlatshwa.
Ibhizinisi ezidakweni: ukukhiqiza noma ukuthengisa iziphuzo ezidakayo noma izidakamizwa eziluthayo .
Ukuhweba ngobuthi: ukukhiqiza noma ukuhweba nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lobuthi noma umkhiqizo onobuthi owenzelwe ukubulala.

Umyalo wesihlanu

Ngokomthetho wesihlanu wePancasila, amaBuddha enzelwe ukuthi angagwemi kunoma yiluphi inani "lweziphuzo ezivutshiwe noma ezifakiwe" ezingavimbela ukucabanga noma zibangele ukunganakwa. ^[4]Ku- Pali Tipitaka umyalo ukhathazeke ngokusobala ngophuzo oludakayo :

"Ngibophezela emthethweni wokuqeqesha ukuthi ngingaziphuzi iziphuzo ezinomvubelo ezibangela ukunganakwa."Surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā veramaṇī sikkhāpadaṃ samādiyāmi.

Kodwa-ke, i- caffeine netiye kuvunyelwe, kuze kukhuthazwe izindela zamasiko amaningi, njengoba kukholakala ukuthi zikhuthaza ukuphaphama.

Ngokuvamile, iningi lamaBuddha kanye namahlelo amaBuddhist ayasola futhi ngokomlando akwamukelanga ukusetshenziswa kwanoma iziphi izidakwa ngumuntu othathe imiyalo emihlanu.Iningi lamaBuddha likubheka ukusetshenziswa nokuxhashazwa kwezidakwa njengesithiyo ekukhuleni kwengqondo ekhanyiselwe.Kodwa-ke, kunokwehluka okumbalwa komlando nezimfundiso.

Vajrayana

Izikole eziningi zanamuhla zamaBuddhist zikukhuthaze kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa zengqondo zanoma yiluphi uhlobo; kodwa-ke, kungenzeka zingavinjelwa kuzo zonke izimo kuwo wonke amasiko.Amanye amahlelo obuBuddhism be-tantric noma i-esoteric ikakhulukazi abonisa lokhu kokugcina, imvamisa esebenzisa izindlela ezinekhono :

Utshwala

Isibonelo, njengengxenye yesiko le- ganachakra tsok (kanye neHoma, abhisheka futhi kwesinye isikhathi idrubchen ) amanye amaBuddhist aseTibet neBönpos aziwa ngokudla utshwala obuncane bezinhlamvu (obubizwa ngokuthi i- amrit noma i- amrita ) njengomnikelo.Uma ilungu lingumlutha wotshwala, noma ngenxa yesinye isizathu lingafisi ukubamba iqhaza ekuphuzeni umnikelo wotshwala, khona-ke lingacwilisa umunwe otshwaleni bese libu-flick kathathu njengengxenye yomcimbi .

Amrita futhi mhlawumbe iyafana, noma okungenani ngomqondo othile a esuselwe nekutfutfuka kwelizinga lekucabanga wamaHindu lasendulo soma.(Lesi sakamuva izazi-mlando esivame ukulingana no- Amanita muscaria noma esinye isikhunta se- Amanita psychoactive. UCrowley (1996) uthi:

"Ngokungangabazeki, ukufana okuphawulekayo phakathi" Kwenganekwane kaChakdor "nenganekwane yamaHindu yemvelaphi yesoma kubonisa ukuthi amrita amaBuddha nesoma lamaHindu ngesinye isikhathi kwaqondwa ukuthi ayefana.Ngaphezu kwalokho, impahla eyinhloko ye-amrita, kuze kube namuhla, ibonwa ngamaBuddha njengohlobo lokudakwa, kepha ngokomfanekiso lokhu kuchazwa kungachazwa.Kungani enye ubhiya (i- chhang yaseTibetan, "ubhiya webhali") ingasetshenziswa ngama-yogino njengengxenye engokomfanekiso ye-amrita [Ardussi]? Ngakolunye uhlangothi, enye kungani le bDud.rTsi eside ingasetshenziswa njengendlela emagama lafanako esankondlo emelela ubhiya ?

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, e- Tibetan naseSherpa lore kunendaba ngomonki owathola owesifazane owamtshela ukuthi kufanele:

a. hlaba imbuzi yakhe,
b. ulale naye, noma
c. phuza inkomishi kabhiya .
d. Konke okungenhla.

Umonki wacabanga ngaphakathi kwakhe, " awu, impela uma ngiyoyibulala imbuzi ngizobe ngidala ukuhlupheka okukhulu ngoba umuntu ophilayo uzofa.Uma ngilala nowesifazane lapho-ke ngiyobe ngiphule esinye isifungo esikhulu sendela futhi ngokuqinisekile ngizolahleka ezindleleni zomhlaba. Okokugcina, uma ngiphuza ubhiya mhlawumbe akukho monakalo omkhulu ozovela futhi ngizodakwa isikhashana, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu ngizozilimaza mina kuphela. "(Ngokomongo wendaba lesi sibonelo sibaluleke kakhulu kuye ngoba izindela eMahayana naseVajrayana zizama ukuletha ukukhanyiselwa kwazo zonke izidalwa ezinemizwa njengengxenye yenhloso yazo. )

Ngakho indela yaphuza inkomishi kabhiya yabe isidakwa kakhulu.Ekudakweni kwakhe wahlaba imbuzi walala nowesifazane, wephula zonke izifungo ezintathu futhi, okungenani emehlweni akhe, wenza okubi okukhulu emhlabeni.Isifundo sale ndaba senzelwe ukuthi, okungenani ngokwamasiko lapho ichaza khona, utshwala budala ukuthi umuntu aphule zonke izithembiso zakhe, ngomqondo wokuthi umuntu angathi yimbangela yazo zonke ezinye izenzo eziyingozi. ^[5]

I Vajrayana uthisha Drupon Thinley Ningpo Rinpoche akushilo ukuthi njengengxenye iziyalezo ezinhlanu lapho layperson ukulungisa abaphephela, ukuthi nakuba kufanele uyeke intoxicants ukuthatha, bangase baphuze ngokwanele ngakho njengoba musa badakwe.Bhikkus futhi Bhikkunis (izindela nezindela, ngokulandelana), ngakolunye uhlangothi, asebethathe izifungo eziyishumi njengengxenye abaphephela beba sezizonke, awukwazi imbibe yisiphi isamba Utshwala lezinye izidakamizwa ke, ngaphandle imithi kuthathwe njengoba imithi.

UTenzin Gyatso, owe-14 weDalai Lama waseTibet, waziwa njenge-teetotaler futhi ongabhemi.

Ama-hallucinogens

Kunobufakazi obuthile bokuthi ephathelene nokusetshenziswa deliriant Datura imbewu (eyaziwa ngokuthi candabija) e Dharmic Rituals elihlobene ne eziningi tantras - okuyi Vajramahabhairava, Samputa, Mahakala, Guhyasamaja, Tara futhi Krsnayamari tantras - kanye insangu nezinye entheogens e esizweni esincane Vajrayana sanghasURonald M Davidson uthi eNdiya Vajrayana, iDatura kwaba:

“Uqashwe njengendunduma noma njengenkuni emcimbini womlilo futhi ungangena kalula esikhunjeni noma emaphashini. Imbewu yale narcotic enamandla, ebizwa ngokuthi "imbewu yothando" (i-candabija), yizinto ezinamandla kakhulu futhi iqukethe i-alkaloids hyoscine, i-hyoscyamine, ne-atropine ngamafomu asinda ekushiseni noma ekubiliseni. Ngisho nangemithamo elinganiselayo, i-datura ingenza umuntu acishe anganyakazi abe nemibono emibi efana ne-belladonna. ” ^[6]

↑ Hallucinogenic drugs in pre-Columbian Mesoamerican cultures. January–February 2015.
↑ Review: The Wondrous Mushroom. Mycolatry in Mesoamerica by R. Gordon Wasson. 1981. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/dd1b/3b313c6b4a8f3f2011f9b4e2381af6a766a0.pdf.
↑ Victor Sarianidi, Viktor Sarianidi in The PBS Documentary The Story of India
↑ Dahlke, Paul. The Five Precepts. http://www.bps.lk/olib/wh/wh055.pdf.
↑ one place this story is referenced is in the more Western article 'Sherpa Purity' by Sherry B. Ortner, published in the magazine American Anthropologist. The beginning of that article is available online, here: https://www.jstor.org/pss/672339 but the story is not available unless you login etc.
↑ Ronald M Davidson 2002, Indian Esoteric Buddhism: a social history of the Tantric movement (datura and betel)

[1] Hallucinogenic drugs in pre-Columbian Mesoamerican cultures. January–February 2015.

[2] Review: The Wondrous Mushroom. Mycolatry in Mesoamerica by R. Gordon Wasson. 1981. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/dd1b/3b313c6b4a8f3f2011f9b4e2381af6a766a0.pdf.

[Sarianidi-3] Victor Sarianidi, Viktor Sarianidi in The PBS Documentary The Story of India

[4] Dahlke, Paul. The Five Precepts. http://www.bps.lk/olib/wh/wh055.pdf.

[5] this story is referenced is in the more Western article 'Sherpa Purity' by Sherry B. Ortner, published in the magazine American Anthropologist. The beginning of that article is available online, here: https://www.jstor.org/pss/672339 but the story is not available unless you login etc.

[6] Ronald M Davidson 2002, Indian Esoteric Buddhism: a social history of the Tantric movement (datura and betel)

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