Isidlakathi

Ngokomchazandalo, isidlakathi siyisakhi esingakanisekayo esidluliselwa endikimbeni noma ohlelweni oluphathekayo, esibonakala kahle ngokuqhogoya umsebenzi nangesimo somchadamezo nokukhanya. Isidlakathi siwumngakonani olondiwe - umthetho wokulondwa kwesidlakathi uthi isidlakathi singaguqulwa ngokwesimo, kodwa asinakudalwa noma sibhujiswe. Umuvo wokulinganisa isidlakathi ngokweInternational System of Units (SI) uyi- joule, (umjulu).

Izimo ezivamile zesidlakathi zihlanganisa impekumpeku yento ephekuzayo noma enyakazayo, isidlakathi esigcinwe entweni (ngenxa yokuba kwayo senkundleni), isidlakathi senjombuluka esigcinwe entweni enqumile, isidlakathi sesiqa esiyamaniswa nokusabela ngokwevanga, isidlakathi esiyonzayo esithwalwa imiyonzi yenzubawonga, kanye nesidlakathi esingaphakathi esiqukethwe ngaphakathi kohlelo lwezomchadamezo. Zonke iziphili zijwayele ukuthatha nokukhipha isidlakathi.

Ngenxa yokulingana kwesisindo–sidlakathi, noma iyiphi into enesisindo lapho imile (okubizwa isisindo esiphumule) inaso isilinganiso senani sesidlakathi esinesimo esibizwa isidlakathi esiphumuke, futhi noma isiphi isidlakathi esinye (sanoma iluphi uhlobo) esizuzwa isidlakathi esiphumule sizokhulisa isamba sesisindo njengalapho ikhulisa isamba sesidlakathi sayo.

Impucuzeko yabantu idinga isidlakathi ukuze isebenze, futhi siyasithola kwizinsizakusebenza ezifana nesivuthisi sentshicwa, noma esidlakathini esivuselelekayo. Isimo sezulu somhlaba nezinqubo zoxhaxhamvelo ziqhutshwa isidlakathi umzulane esikuwo esisamukela elangeni.

Izimo

Ekubanekeni kombani okuvamile, imijulunkulu engama-500 yesidlakathi samazuba siguqulwa sibe inani elifanayo lezinyw izimo, ikakhulu isidlakathi sokukhanya, isidlakathi somsindo nesidlakathi somchadamezo.

Isidlakathi somchadamezo siyimpekumpeku yezakhi ezisimoncinci zotho, ezingahlanganisa kokubili isidlakathi somdiki nesingase sibe khona.

Isidlakathi esiphelele sesimiso singahlukaniswa ngezingcezu futhi sijinjwe ngokuthi isidlakathi esingase, isidlakathi somdiki, noma izingxube zazo zombili ngezindlela ezihlukene. Isidlakathi somdiki sinqunywa umdiki wento - noma umdiki obumbene wezigcoyi zento - bese isidlakathi esingase sikhwentuza amandla wento wokuba nomdiki, futhi imvama buwumsebenzi wokuma kwento ngaphakathi enkundleni noma singagcinwa khona enkundleni ngokwayo.

Umlando

uThomas Young, omunye wezazi ezaqhamuka nencazelo yomsukamqondo wegama elihunyushwa ngelithi 'isidlakathi'

Igama elithi Isidlakathi liyibizo lesiZulu elisho "amandla, izikhwepha," futhi lihlobene eduze nelithi isidlakadla kanye nelithi isidlakalasi, womabili anomqondo wempoqo noma amandla aqukethwe indikimba ethile. Ngokwesibonelo, umuntu onamandla nowasebenzisa ukunqoba abanye angabizwa ngesidlakathi noma isidlakadla, ngenxa yokuba namandla wokuphoqa abanye benze akufunayo.

Kumchazandalo, ekhulwini le-17, uGottfried Leibniz waphakamisa ibizo lesiLathini,Template:Lang-lat, lapho ezama ukuchaza Isidlakathi, waphakamisa isu loluthi isidlakathi singamandla aphilayo, siwumkhiqizo wesisindo sento ohlangene nesivinini esiphindwe kabili; futhi waveza nokuthi lamandla aphilayo alondiwe. Omunye owabhala ngaloludaba ekhulwini le-18 nguÉmilie du Châtelet, yena owaphakamisa isicabango sokulondwa kwesidlakathi.

U-Gustave-Gaspard Coriolis yena wachazisa impekumpeku (kinetic energy) ngonyaka we-1829 ngomqondo wanamuhla, futhi ngonyaka we-1853, uWilliam John Macquorn Rankine wabhala ngesidlakathi esigciniwe (potential energy).