Jump to content

Izinkundla zokuxhumana

Kubuya ku Wikipedia
Izithombe eziyizimpawu zezinkundla zezokuxhumana esihenqweni sika uMakhalipha.
Various social media platforms

Izinkundla zokuxhumana zichazwa ngokuthi ziwubuchwepheshe bezinsizakuxhumana obusha obenza kube lula ukwenza isiqikili, ukwabelana ngokwaziswa, nokuqoqa izindaba eziyisiqikili (ezifana namasu, izintshisekelo, nezinye izinhlobo zokuveza imizwa) phakathi kwemiphakathi ekuxhakaxholo namahlelixhumano. Ulwangu lwazo luhlanganisa lokhu:[1]

  • Izinkundla ezikuxhakaxholo, zivumela abasebenzisi ukuba badale baphinde babele abanye ngesiqikili futhi bahlanganyele ekuxhumaneni nabanye.[1][2][3]
  • Isiqikili esiphehlwa abasebenzisi esifana nezixhomo nokuphawula, izithombe, nemibukisobhanya, nemininingo iphehlwa ngokunanana kuxhakaxholo.
  • Izihawuza eziqondile zenkonzo eziklanywa futhi zinakelelwa iNhlangano yenkundla yokuxhimana.[1][4]
  • Izinkundla zokuxhumana zilekelela ukuthuthukisa amahleloxhumano ezenhlalo akuxhakaxholo ngokuxhumanisa Isihawuza somsebenzisi nezabanye abasebenzisi.

Elithi izinkundla zokuxhumana nakuba lingalihumushi ngokunembile elesiNgisi elithi social, kodwa liveza ukuthi lena indawo lapho abantu benikwe khona ithuba lokuxhumana bewumphakathi. Izinkundla zokuxhumana zilekelela abantu ukuba baxhumane futhi bakhe amahleloxhumano nabanye.[5] Abasebenzisi bafikelela ezinkundleni zokuxhumana ngamahlelikusebenza wolwebu noma weziklamo eziphathwayo. Amahlelokusebenza avumela abantu ngabanye, imihwebo, imiphakathi, neziNhlangano ukuba zabelane, zidale, zixoxe, zihlanganyele futhi ziguqule isiqikili esiphehlwe abasebenzisi.[6][4][7] Izinkundla zokuxhumana zisetshenziselwa ukwabelana ngezinkumbulo, ukwakha ubuhlobo, nokwakha imiphakathi nokufunda. Ziphinde zisetshenziselwe ukuqhakambisa abantu, izinkampano, imikhiqizo, namasu. Izinkundla zokuxhumana zingasetshenziselwa nokuthenga, ukushicilela nokwabelana ngezindaba.

Izinkundla zokuxhumana ezidumile ezinabasebenzisi ababhalisiwe abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyikhulu (100 million) zihlanganisa i-Twitter, u-Facebook, i-WeChat, i-ShareChat, i-Instagram, i-Pinterest, i-QZone, i-Weibo, i-VK, i-Tumblr, i-Baidu Tieba, i-Threads, kanye ne-LinkedIn. Kuye ngesihlaziyo, ezinye izinkundla ezidumile nazocokuthiwa ezekuxhumana zihlanganisa lezi: i-YouTube, i-Letterboxd, i-QQ, i-Quora, i-Telegram, i-WhatsApp, I-Signal, i-LINE, i-Snapchat, Viber, i-Reddit, Discord, no-TikTok. AmaWiki kanye ne-Roblox izibonelo zokudalwa kwesiqikili.

Isibonelo sesihawuza senkundla yokuxhumana esiku-Wikipe-tan.

Izinkundla zokuxhumana azifani nezinsizakuxhamana ezindala (ezifana namaphephandaba, Umsakazeli kumabonakude, nomsakazo olalelwayo) ngezindlela eziningi, ezihlanganisa nezingabunjalo,[8] ufinyelelo lwezikhangiso, umjinge, ukusebenziseka, ukubaluleka nokuhlala kwazo.[9] Izinkundla zokuxhumana zigidinga ngohlelo olufufukisa inkulumongxoxo (imithombo eminingi, isamukezo eziningi) kuyilapho izinsizakuxhimana ezivamile zona zigidinga ngonongo lokufufukosa olushumayelayo (Umthombo owodwa isamukezo eziningi). Ngokwesibonelo, iphephandaba lifufuthelwa abacikiceli abaningi, nomsakazo nawo usakaza izinhlelo ezifanayo kubantu abaningi.[10]

Izinkundla zokuxhumana ziyahxekwa ngenxa nezindlela ezikhinyabeza ngayo abantwana, ezihlanganisa ukubavezela isiqikili ezingesihle, ukuxhashazwa abantu abakhulile, ukungalali, izinkinga zokuhlozingi, imizwa yokushiyeka, nezinye izinkinga ezingokomqondo.[11][12] Izinkundla zokuxhumana ziphinde zagxekwa ngokubhibhisa ukuluthuzeka kwezombusazwe nokudicilela phansi umbuso wabantu, Kanye nokubaniwa ngobhongwane kwezinkundla zokuxhumana ongxiwankulu,[13][14] futhi izintatheli ezifan noMaria Ressa zibheka okwenzeka "njengobuthi obungxolisayo" ngenxa yokwanda kokungatuenjwa kwazo emphakathini.[15] Amaziko wezindaba amakhulu anezinhlaka ezibekiwe zokulawula ukuba kubgaqaniwa amanga, kodwa izinkundla zokuxhumana zona zingenza amanga abe sematheni ngaphandle kolawulo. "Izihlelakwenza ezithungatha okwenziwa umsebenzisi ukuze ziqokomise akuvezelwayo zivame ukuvuna isiqikili esivusa imizwa engemihle efana nolaka nokubhavumula. Ngokuvamile, iningi lesidukiso ezikuxhakaxholo sivela kwidlanzana elibuebhethisayo, Kodwa izinkundla lezi zenza kube isibunge nakakhulu."[16]

Amaphatho

[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
  1. 1 2 3 Obar, Jonathan A.; Wildman, Steve (2015). "Social media definition and the governance challenge: An introduction to the special issue". Telecommunications Policy 39 (9): 745–750. doi:10.1016/j.telpol.2015.07.014. SSRN 2647377.
  2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named usersoftheworld
  3. ↑ Fuchs, Christian (2017). Social media: a critical introduction (2nd ed.). Los Angeles London New Delhi Singapore Washington DC Melbourne: SAGE. ISBN 978-1-4739-6683-3.
  4. 1 2 Boyd, Danah M.; Ellison, Nicole B. (2007). "Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship". Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 13 (1): 210–30. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x.
  5. ↑ Dijck, Jose van (2013-01-02). [[[:Template:Google books]] The Culture of Connectivity: A Critical History of Social Media] Check |url= value (help) (in i-English). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-997079-7.
  6. ↑ Schivinski, Bruno; Brzozowska-Woś, Magdalena; Stansbury, Ellena; Satel, Jason; Montag, Christian; Pontes, Halley M. (2020). "Exploring the Role of Social Media Use Motives, Psychological Well-Being, Self-Esteem, and Affect in Problematic Social Media Use". Frontiers in Psychology 11: 3576. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.617140. PMC 7772182. PMID 33391137. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=7772182.
  7. ↑ Kietzmann, Jan H.; Hermkens, Kristopher (2011). "Social media? Get serious! Understanding the functional building blocks of social media". Business Horizons 54 (3): 241–251. doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2011.01.005. http://summit.sfu.ca/item/18103. Retrieved 1 October 2018.
  8. ↑ Agichtein, Eugene; Castillo, Carlos; Donato, Debora; Gionis, Aristides; Mishne, Gilad (2008). "Finding high-quality content in social media". WISDOM – Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining: 183–193. Archived from the original on 23 May 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230523090540/http://184pc128.csie.ntnu.edu.tw/presentation/09-03-09/Finding%20High-Quality%20Content%20in%20Social%20Media.pdf. Retrieved 8 January 2019.
  9. ↑ Tao, Xiaohui; Huang, Wei; Mu, Xiangming; Xie, Haoran (18 November 2016). "Special issue on knowledge management of web social media". Web Intelligence 14 (4): 273–274. doi:10.3233/WEB-160343.
  10. ↑ Pavlik, John; MacIntoch, Shawn (2015). Converging Media 4th Edition. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 189. ISBN 978-0-19-934230-3.
  11. ↑ "How Social Media Affects Your Teen's Mental Health: A Parent's Guide". Yale Medicine (in i-English). Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2024-05-24.
  12. ↑ "Social Media and Teen Mental Health". The Annie E. Casey Foundation (in i-English). 2023-08-10. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2024-05-24.
  13. ↑ Usher, Nikki (2021-06-22). "From Media Capture to Platform Capture". In Schiffrin, Anya. Media Capture: How Money, Digital Platforms, and Governments Control the News. Columbia University Press. p. 155-. ISBN 978-0-231-54802-1. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2025-10-23.
  14. ↑ Zaid, Bouziane; Ibahrine, Mohammed; Ben Moussa, Mohamed; Makki, Alaa (9 August 2025). "Shifting Power Dynamics: Media Capture and Platform Dominance in Journalism". Digital Journalism 13 (7): 1311–1330. doi:10.1080/21670811.2025.2532509.
  15. ↑ Asialink (2025-09-03). The 2025 Southeast Asia Oration with Maria Ressa. YouTube. Google LLC. Event occurs at 1:21:47. Archived from the original on 5 October 2025. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2025-09-05. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  16. ↑ "How and why does misinformation spread?". American Psychological Association. 2024-03-01. Archived from the original on 10 November 2024. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 14 October 2024. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
"https://zu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Izinkundla_zokuxhumana&oldid=122507" تان ورتل