Ray Alexander Simons

Ray Alexander Simons
Ray Alexander Simons
Ubezalwa	Rachel Ester Alexandrowich; 31 ngoZibendlela 1913; Varakļāni, Latvia,
Ubefa	12 ngoMandulo 2004 (iminyaka ama-90); Cape Town, South Africa
Occupation	Anti-apartheid activist; Trade union; Campaigner
Spouse	Eli Weinberg (m. 1937–d. 1940); Jack Simons (m. 1941–2004);
Children	Mary Simons; Tanya Barben; Johan Simons

URay Alexander Simons (Nee Alexandrowich; (31 Tshitwe 1913 - 12 Phupu 2004) wayeyiKhomanisi, laseNingizimu Afrika, okwakuyisishoshovu esilwa nobandlululo, umkhankasi kanye unosozinyunyana owasiza ekubhaleni i-Charter yabesifazane . Wathuthela eKapa ngo-1929 ebalekela ukuhlukunyezwa kwamaJuda namaKhomanisi.

Isiqalo sempilo yakhe[hlela | Hlela umthombo]

USimons wazalelwa eVarklia (Varakļāni), Latvia enguRachel Ester Alexandrowich ngomhla ka 31 Disemba 1913. Wayengomunye wabantwana abayisithupha bakaSimka Simon noDobe Alexandrowich. Ubaba wakhe wayenguthisha wolimi lwesiRashiya, ulimi lwesiJalimane kanye nemetemetikisi. Wayephinde agijime i- cheder lapho abafana bamaJuda babefunda khona i-talmud futhi balungise i-bar mizvah yabo. Wayehlala emzini ocebile ogcwele izincwadi ezamvezela inqubo ye-socialist kanye ne-idiyoloji yobukhomanisi. Uyise washona eneminyaka engu-12. Umngane wakhe omkhulu, u- Leib Jaffe, waba nomthelela ekucabangeni kukaRay ngemibono yesoshalizimu kanye nokuqwashisa ngokugqugquzela ukuqhubela phambili amalungelo abasebenzi. Ukushona kukayise kwabangela uSimons ukuba angakholelwa kuNkulunkulu . ^[1]

Lapho eneminyaka engu-13, wajoyina i- Latvian Communist Party esebenza ngomshoshaphansi Lapho uSimons eneminyaka eyishumi nane, wamenywa ukuba abambe iqhaza engxoxweni ngeBalfour Declaration eyaphethwe inhlangano yendawo yeZionist. Wenqaba ngoba ekholelwa ukuthi ukulwa nokuphikisana namaJuda kufanele kube yingxenye yemizamo yeningi labantu yokufeza uhlelo olusha lomhlaba lapho bonke abantu bazokhululeka, okubandakanya namaJuda. Ngenxa yokuhlukunyezwa kwamaJuda eVarakļāni, wathunyelwa eRiga ukuze aqhubele phambili izifundo zakhe ekolishi letheknikhali le-ORT futhi wahlala nomngane wakhe omkhulu uLeah.

Idolobha leKapa[hlela | Hlela umthombo]

Ngemva kokuba uLeah eboshelwe imisebenzi yakhe yezepolitiki, umama wakhe wayekhathazekile futhi ngokushesha wahlela ukuba uSimons ahlale nodadewabo esikebheni saseGerman East Afrika Liner, e-Ubena . Wasuka eVaraklan mhla ka 17 kuMfumfu (Okthoba) 1929 futhi wafika eKapa wahlangana nodadewabo esikhumulweni semikhumbi mhlaka 6 Novemba 1929, ngosuku olwalundulela unyaka weRivolushini YaseRussia . ^[2] Ezinsukwini ezinhlanu efikile mhla ka 11 kuNovemba 1929, wahlangana noCissie Gool nomngane wempilo yakhe yonke uJohn Gomas futhi wajoyina iQembu LamaKhomanisi laseNingizimu Afrika (CPSA). Ngaleso sikhathi, uSimons wayeneminyaka engu-16.

USimons waxoshwa emsebenzini wakhe wokuqala ngemuva kokubamba iqhaza emkhankasweni wokulwa namapasi. Wangenela kakhulu emibhidlangweni yezinyunyana ngemuva kokuxoshwa emsebenzini ngenxa yokuya kwakhe engqungqutheleni yokusungula i- Anti-Fascist League . USimon wakhethwa njengosihlalo weKomidi Lesifunda LaseKapa LeQembu LamaKhomanisi ngoJanuwari 1931. ^[2] U-Simon wayesebenza esitolo sezingubo futhi ephelekezela u-James Schuba ayehlangana naye emhlanganweni weqembu lamakhomanisi ngezimpelasonto ukuze avakashele izisebenzi zasezikhumulweni zemikhumbi nasemathekwini. Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu efikile, wakhethwa ukuba abe nguNobhala Wenyunyana Yabasebenzi iCommercial Employees Union eKapa. Ngo-1935, walahlekelwa umsebenzi wakhe esitolo sezingubo futhi waba ngumgqugquzeli ngokuphelele we- Non-European Railway and Harbour Workers' Union Waphinde waba nguNobhala weQembu LamaKhomanisi iminyaka emibili, ukusukela ngo-1934 ukuya ku-1935.

USimons wasungula iFood and Canning Workers Union (FCWU) ngokugqugquzela amakhaladi, abantu abamnyama kanye nabasebenzi abamhlophe neyayaziwa ngokusebenza kahle kwayo kanye nokuba yizidlamlilo. Le nyunyane yasabalala embonini yokufaka izithelo emathinini yaseBoland ukuya ogwini olusentshonalanga phakathi kwemiphakathi edobayo. Waba nguNobhala Jikelele waleyo nhlangano. I-FCWU yadlala indima ebalulekile kuKhongolose Yabasebenzi iSouth African Congress of Trade Unions yaseNingizimu Afrika ngeminyaka yawo-1950. Ngokusebenzisa umthetho we-Suppression of Communism Act ka-1950 ukuvala iqembu lamaKhomanisi ngo-1953, wayalwa ukuba ashiye isikhundla ngonyaka olandelayo.

URay Alexander Simons, uHelen Joseph, uLilian Ngoyi kanye noFlorence Mkhize basungula iFederation of South African Women (FSAW) ngo-April 1954 futhi wakhethwa ukuba abe nguNobhala Jikelele wenhlangano. Nakuba, ngoSeptemba 1954, wafakwa ngaphansi kochungechunge lwemiyalelo yokuvinjelwa ukusebenza eyakhishwa ngu-CR Swart okwamphoqa ukuthi ashiye phansi i-(FSAW). Ngawo lowo nyaka, uSimons wakhethwa njengomunye wabamele abaNsundu abathathu ephalamende laseNingizimu Afrika. Nakuba umyalelo wokuvinjelwa wawumenqabela ukuthi athathe isihlalo sakhe, waqhubeka waya ephalamende wadudulwa yiphoyisa le-security. Wamangalela isenzo futhi wathola isinxephezelo esasibandakanya izindleko zomkhankaso wakhe wokhetho.

Impilo yokudingiswa[hlela | Hlela umthombo]

Ngo-1965, yena nomyeni wakhe uJack Simons babalekela eLusaka, eZambia . UJack wathola isikhundla sokuba uthisha eManchester University wathuthela eNgilandi. Babuyela eZambia ngo-1967 bazakhela ikhaya ukuze bavakashelwe izingane zabo ezintathu. Ngesikhathi esekudingisweni eZambia, uRay wabhala ngokuhlanganyela incwadi ethi Class and Colour in South Africa, 1850–1950 noJack Simons futhi wasebenzela i-International Labour Organisation kanye ne- African National Congress (ANC) eyayivaliwe eNingizimu Afrika. Bahlala eZambia iminyaka engu-25 phakathi kuka-1965 no-1990. ^[2] ^[3] Ekudingisweni kwakhe ngo-1986, wakhethwa njengoMongameli Ohloniphekile weNyunyana Yabasebenzi iFood and Allied Workers Union. Babuya ekudingisweni ngo ngo 1990

Impilo yakhe siqu[hlela | Hlela umthombo]

URay Alexander washada no-Eli Weinberg ngesikhathi u-Eli eseyibamba likaNobhala wekomidi lendawo leSouth African Trades and Labour Council . Bahlukana ngo-2 May 1940. Ngo-1941, washada no- Jack Simons, umfundisi eNyuvesi yaseKapa kanye nozakwabo oyiKhomanisi. Babanabantwana abathathu: uMary, uTanya noJohan. ^[2] Washonela eKapa mhla ka 12 kuSeptemba 2004 eneminyaka engu-91.

Imiklomelo kanye naziwa ngakho[hlela | Hlela umthombo]

Waklonyeliswa ngendondo yeSitwalandwe Medal ngo-2004 yi-African National Congress . I-Ray Alexander Simons Memory Centre kanye ne-Heritage Square eGuguletho yakhiwa futhi yethulwa yiPhini likaMongameli waseNingizimu Afrika, uKgalema Mothlante mhla ka 6 kuNovemba 2010.

NgoNdasa (Mashi) ku 2011, izwe laseSierra Leone lakhipha isitembu sokumhlonipha, limetha njengomunye wamaQhawe Omlando wase-Afrika, Legendary Heroes of Africa .

Amareferensi[hlela | Hlela umthombo]

↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :0
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 The making of a South African Jewish activist: the Yiddish diary of Ray Alexander Simons, Latvia, 1927. 2014-05-04.
↑ Macmillan (2009-06-01). The African National Congress of South Africa in Zambia: The Culture of Exile and the Changing Relationship with Home, 1964–1990*. pp. 303–329.

Izixhumanisi zangaphandle[hlela | Hlela umthombo]

UMilton Shain noMiriam Pimstone, uRay Alexander (Simons), i-Jewish Women Encyclopedia

[:0-1] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :0

[:2-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 The making of a South African Jewish activist: the Yiddish diary of Ray Alexander Simons, Latvia, 1927. 2014-05-04.

[3] Macmillan (2009-06-01). The African National Congress of South Africa in Zambia: The Culture of Exile and the Changing Relationship with Home, 1964–1990*. pp. 303–329.

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