Umoyambulunga Womhlaba

Ukukhanya okulundwa kusakazwa kakhulu ngamarhowo akumoyambulunga kunamanye amabangacuphi, azungeze umhlaba ngobuhalalazi obulundwa ku-I-stratosphere, ngaphezu kwamafu e-I-troposphere, lapho bubonwa ngesikhumulo se-ISS ekuphakameni okungama-Template:Cvt km (208 mi) (Inyanga ibonakala njenge-crescent ngemuva kude).  

Umoyambulunga woMhlaba bakhiwa ubuhalalazi bohowo oluxubileyo olubizwa ngokuthi umoya, obubanjwe umNyondo, ukuze bungunge ubuso boMhlaba. Uqukethe amanani ahlukahlukene e- aerosols nezinhlayinhlayi (particulates) ezenza kube nesimo sezulu esifana namafu nofasimbe. Umoyambulunga uyisivikelo esiphakathi kobuso boMhlaba nomkhathinga. Uvikela ubuso boMhlaba kumaqhumanyezi, nemiyonzi kazikhwithi yeLanga, unciphise nomehluko wamazinga okushisa phakathi kobusuki nemini, futhi ugcina umhlaba ufudumele ngokugcina ikhoza ngomthelela womshabasiluju. Umoyambulunga usabalalisa ikhoza nomswakama ezindaweni ezihlukene usebenzisa imisinga yomoya, futhi uhlinzeka ngezimo zevange nezezulu ezivumeka ukuba khona kwempilo eMhlabeni.

Ngokwesibalo semizwayi, umoya owomile uqukethe amaphesenti angama-78.08 eNihwe, amaphesenti angama-20.95 esOhwe, amaphesenti ayi-0.93% argon, amaphesenti ayi-0.04% omCalahle ontuhlambili nolunye uhowo oluyingcosana. Umoya ubuye uqukathe isibalo esiluhwexu somhwamuko wamanzi.

Umoyambulunga woMhlaba wanguna wawunohowo oluhlumelele kumqongo welanga, Kodwa leso sigubo saguqula ekuhambeni kwesikhathi, sikhinyabezwa izici ezifana nezintshabamlilo, ukushwamuka, ukugadlazeka, ukuzulenza, nokuthubeka kwempilo. Namuhla, ubuqhebeqhebe babantu buyaqhubeka nokuguqula umoyambulunga, ngokuguquguquka kwezulu (okubangwa ukugencwa kwamahlathi, nesivamelo sezintshicwa- ezenza imbulunga ifudumele, ukuphela kwesintshongohwe.

Umoyambulunga uyazaca lapho ubhekwa ekuphakameni futhi awunamngcele owuhlukanisa nomkhathinga. Kármán line okumakhilomitha ayi-100 usetshenziswa njengencasiselo eyamukelwayo yomngcele womkhathi. Kunobuhalalazi ubumbalwa ubuhlukaniseka ngokwezinkondolo zabo kumoyambulunga, ezihlanganisa amazinga okushisa, isigubo, obubizwa kanje:

• Izulumbulinga - troposphere
• Ihowombulunga - stratosphere
• Ishambulunga - mesosphere
• Iluvumbulunga - thermosphere
• Amalambulunga -  exosphere

Isigubo somoya, amazinga wokushisa nomfutho kuyahlukahluka kulobu buhalalazi uma buys phezulu. Umoya ofanele ukusetshenziswa kumdibakhanya yizitshalo futhi uphefunyulwe izilwane itholakala kuzulumbulunga.

Isifundo esicwaninga umoyambulunga woMhlaba sibizwa umchazamoya, futhi sihambisana neminye imikhakhanyana efana nezeSimo sezulu, nomchazandalo womoyambulunga.