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iNyanga

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iNyanga (uphawu: ☾) iwukuphela kweduna elizungeza uMhlaba. INyanga izungeza uMhlaba isebangeni elingamakhilomitha ayizi-384,399. INyanga iqeda uzungezo lwayo ngesikhathi esiyinyanga eyodwa, noma ngezinsuku ezingama-29.5. INyanga noMhlaba zibanjwe ukuheha komnyondo onamandla emacaleni azo abukene. Lokhu kwenza kube neziphoqi zamabuya okuyizona ezidala amabuya eMhlabeni, futhi zadonsa iNyanga ukuba ibuke uMhlaba ngohlangothi olulodwa kuphela. Lokhu kukhweqa kwamabuya ngokomphumela kwenza uzungezo lweNyanga (usuku lwayo) ukuba luhambisane nenkathi ezungeza ngayo uMhlaba (inyanga eyodwa).

Kuzungezohlelo lweLanga, iNyanga iyiduna elikhulu nelinesisindo ukwedlula nemizulane esichwe eyaziwayo, futhi iyiduna lesihlanu elikhulu. Umnyondo wobuso bayo ulingana nengxenye eyodwa yesithupha yomnyondo woMhlaba, okuyisigamu somnyondo kaNotshezi, futhi ungowesibili omkhulu ezinyageni zozungezohlelo lweLanga kulandela inyanga kaMkhulukhulwana ebizwa uSontshaba. Umzimba weNyanga umahlukohluko futhi uhlabathi, unengcosana yamanzimbulunga, umoyambulunga newonga. Ubuso benyanga bumbozw nge-regolith, equkethe izincushuzo eziphafuke egobohleni ngenxa yokugadlazeke. Ingakho kuthiwa umaqubintuli, futhi igobohla lakhe linezigqabhozi zokugadlazeka eziningi. Inyanga yake yaba nobuqhebeqhebe bezintshabamlilo eminyakeni eyisigidinqindi (1.2 billion) edlule. Indabuko yeNyanga ayaziwa, kodwa kukhona abahlawumbisela ukuthi yabumbeka ngezithako zoMhlaba, ezaphafuka lapho ugadlazwa indikimba elingana noNotshezi ebizwa gokuthi uThiyana eminyakeni eyizigidinqindi ezi-4.51 edlule, ngemva kokubumbeka koMhlaba.

Ebangeni elikuyo, izimo zobusuku nemini zikamaqubintuli thina sizibona kuyizimo zenyanga, nalapho iNyanga idlula ethunzini loMhlaba kuba noNyezibomvu. Ubungako obubonwayo beNyanga esibhakabhakeni cishe balingana nobeLanga, okwenza ukwazi ukulisitheza ngokugcwele lapho kunensitholanga egcwele. INyanga iyindikimba eqhakazayo ebusuku ngenxa yokulwentuza ukukhanya.

INyanga ibilokhu ingumthombo obalulekile wogqozi nolwazi emlandweni ikakhulu kwezenkolo, ubuciko, Inzululwazi yemvelo, nokundiza emkhathini. Izindizamkhathi zokuqala ezaya endikimbeni esemkhathini zaya eNyangeni, kusuka ngowe-1959 lapho kuyingeleza i-Luna 1 (eyathunyelwa i Soviet Union), Kanye ne- Luna 2 yaba nohlonze emhlabeni wonke, ezalandelwa ngowe-1966 umcababalo othambile we- Luna 9 nozungezo lwe- Luna 10. Abantu baqala ukunyatuela ebusweni heNyanga ngo July 20, 1969, besebenzisa indizamkhathi i-Apollo 11. Ngowe-1972, kwase kuthunyelwe izindizamkhathi iziyisithupha, kwacababala abantu abayishumi nambili eNyangeni. Maduze kulindelwe ukuba uhlelo lwe-Artemis lubuyosele abantu eNyangeni.

uMsukagama

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Igama lesiZulu elithi inyanga liyibizonto leduna loMhlaba elibonakala ngonyezi ebusuku. Aligcini ekubeni igama lendikimba esemkhathini njengoba kubalwa isikhathi ngokuhambisana nozungezo lwayo. Uzungezo olulodwa lezinsuku ezingama-29 lubizwa iNyanga. Umsuka walo usolimini olwandulela isintu kwelithi -mʊ̀gàngà elisebenza kokubili kumuntu owelaphayo nasendikimbeni esemkhathini.

Ngokwesichazamazwi sikaVilakazi elinye igama lenyanga nguMaqibuntuli. Elithi 'unyezi' libhekisela ekukhanyeni kwayo ebusuku, lihlobene nesijobelelo esithi nyezi esisemagameni inkanyezi, ubhaqanyezi, iqhumanyezi. Igama lesiZulu lokuhlonipha lenyanga elithi impengu nelithi inelekehle.

uMlando wendalo

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Ukubumbeka kwayo

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Umdwebo onyakazayo obonisa ukubumbeka kwenyanga lapho umzulane, obizwa uNomthiya, olingana noNotshezi ungqubuzana noMhlaba.

Ukuhlolwa kwamachembe ezangulo zenyanga kusikisela ukuthi inyanga yabumbeka eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-50 ngemuva kokuvela kozungezohlelo lweLanga.[1][2] Ngokomlando, kunezindlela ezimbalwa eziphakanyiswayo zokubumbeka kwayo,[3] kodwa ayikho enencazelo echaza izici zohlelo lwenyanga-nomhlaba ngokukholisayo. Abanye bathi inyanga iwucezu olwaklewuka eMhlabeni endulo, abanye bathi inyanga yayizidlulela emkhathini yabanjwa umnyondo woMhlaba, abanye bona bathi uMhlaba nenyanga zadalwa ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kodwa asikho kuzo zonke lezi zihlawumbiselo, esichaza ngengoni yomjijiyane wohlelo lenyanga-nomhlaba.[4]

Umchachiso oseqhulwini wohlelo lwenyanga-nomhlaba uthi inyanga yabumbeka lapho uMhlaba wanguna ugadlazwa indikimba ewumzulane olingana noNotshezi, ebizwa uNomthiya. Lokhu kugadlazeka kwaqhumisa futhi kwasakaza izingcezu zoMhlaba esibhakabhakeni futhi zaqala ukuzungeza uMhlaba futhi ihlumelelo lazo labumba inyanga[5][6] eduze nomngcele kaRoche.[7]

Kuthiwa ukugadlazeka kwaloluhlobo kwakuyinsakavukela ezinsukwini zokuqala kozungezohlelo lweLanga. Imifefenyeko yesicikizi yalokhu kungqubuzana iveza iziphumo ezifanayo futhi ezihambisana nesisindo sikaMaqubintuli nengoni yomjijiyane wohlelo lwenyanga-noMhlaba. Le mifefenyeko ibonisa ukuthi iningi lezakhi zenyanga livela endikimbeni eyagadlaza uMhlaba wanguna..[8] Kodwa, izinongo zowezi-2007 nakamuva zisikisela ukuthi ucezu olukhulu lwenyaga lwaluvela eMhlabeni wanguna.[9][10][11][12] Ezinye izindikimba zozungezohlelo lweLanga ezifana noNotshezi noma umhlabana obizwa uNovolo (Vesta), ngokweziphololwane ezikuyo, zinezigubo zamachembe wesOhwe nomZithowe ahlukile kunawoMhlaba. Kodwa uMhlaba kanye neNyanga ziqukethe izigubo ezicishe zifana ncamashi. Ukulingana kwamachembe wohlelo lwenyanga-noMhlaba kungachazwa ngokokuxubana kwezithako ezihwamukeli okwenzeka emva kokungqubuzana, nakuba kunempikiswano ngalomchachiso.[13]

Ukugadlazeka koMhlaba kwadedela isidlakalasi esanele ukuba siketshezise (liquefy) kokubili ezingcezu ezivela eMhlabeni kanye negobohla loMhlaba, kanjalo kwabumbeka ulwandle lwentshekeza (magma).[14][15] Inyanga esanda kubunjwa kungenzeka yayinolwayo ulwandle lomtshekeza.

Nakuba lo mchachiso wokugadlazeka uchaza ngendlela eyenza umqondo ubufakazi obukhona, kusanemibuzo engakaphendulwa iningi layo ethinta isigubo senyanga.[16] Izinongo ezithi iNyanga yakhiwe ngoMhlaba wanguna zikuthola kunzima ukucacisa imininingo yezinhlwa zevange ezifana neZambedu, isOhwe,, iSiphemba nezinye.[17] Ucwaningo lowezi-2022, olwasebenzisa umfefenyeko womgqamophezulu lwathola ukuthi ukugadlazeka okunjalo kunamandla wokudala iduna elinesisindo nesiqikili sensimbi esingangesinyanga emkhathini ukuba lizungeze uMhlaba likude nomngcele kaRoche. Ngisho nezivoko ezidlula emngceleni kaRoche ziyakwazi ukuqhubeka zisebenza.[18]

Mhla zil-1 kuNovemba wezi-2023, osonzululwazi babika ukuthi ngokwemifefenyeko yesicikizi, izinsalela zikaNomthiya kungenzeka zisekhona eMhlabeni.[19][20]

References

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  1. ↑ Thiemens, Maxwell M.; Sprung, Peter; Fonseca, Raúl O. C.; Leitzke, Felipe P.; Münker, Carsten (July 2019). "Early Moon formation inferred from hafnium-tungsten systematics". Nature Geoscience 12 (9): 696–700. Bibcode 2019NatGe..12..696T. doi:10.1038/s41561-019-0398-3. PMC 7617097. PMID 39649009. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=7617097.
  2. ↑ "The Moon is older than scientists thought". Universe Today. Archived from the original on August 3, 2019. Kulandwe ngomhlaka August 3, 2019. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  3. ↑ Barboni, M.; Boehnke, P.; Keller, C. B.; Kohl, I. E.; Schoene, B.; Young, E. D.; McKeegan, K. D. (2017). "Early formation of the Moon 4.51 billion years ago". Science Advances 3 (1). Bibcode 2017SciA....3E2365B. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1602365. PMC 5226643. PMID 28097222. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5226643.
  4. ↑ Stevenson, D. J. (1987). "Origin of the moon–The collision hypothesis". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 15 (1): 271–315. Bibcode 1987AREPS..15..271S. doi:10.1146/annurev.ea.15.050187.001415.
  5. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named taylor1998
  6. ↑ "Asteroids Bear Scars of Moon's Violent Formation". April 16, 2015. Archived from the original on October 8, 2016.
  7. ↑ van Putten, Maurice H. P. M. (July 2017). "Scaling in global tidal dissipation of the Earth–Moon system". New Astronomy 54: 115–121. arXiv:1609.07474. Bibcode 2017NewA...54..115V. doi:10.1016/j.newast.2017.01.012.
  8. ↑ Canup, R.; Asphaug, E. (2001). "Origin of the Moon in a giant impact near the end of Earth's formation". Nature 412 (6848): 708–712. Bibcode 2001Natur.412..708C. doi:10.1038/35089010. PMID 11507633.
  9. ↑ "Earth–Asteroid Collision Formed Moon Later Than Thought". National Geographic. October 28, 2010. Archived from the original on April 18, 2009. Kulandwe ngomhlaka May 7, 2012.
  10. ↑ Kleine, Thorsten (2008). "2008 Pellas-Ryder Award for Mathieu Touboul". Meteoritics and Planetary Science 43 (S7): A11–A12. Bibcode 2008M&PS...43...11K. doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2008.tb00709.x.
  11. ↑ Touboul, M.; Kleine, T.; Bourdon, B.; Palme, H.; Wieler, R. (2007). "Late formation and prolonged differentiation of the Moon inferred from W isotopes in lunar metals". Nature 450 (7173): 1206–1209. Bibcode 2007Natur.450.1206T. doi:10.1038/nature06428. PMID 18097403.
  12. ↑ "Flying Oceans of Magma Help Demystify the Moon's Creation". National Geographic. April 8, 2015. Archived from the original on April 9, 2015.
  13. ↑ Nield, Ted (2009). "Moonwalk (summary of meeting at Meteoritical Society's 72nd Annual Meeting, Nancy, France)". Geoscientist. Vol. 19. p. 8. Archived from the original on September 27, 2012.
  14. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Warren1985
  15. ↑ Tonks, W. Brian; Melosh, H. Jay (1993). "Magma ocean formation due to giant impacts". Journal of Geophysical Research 98 (E3): 5319–5333. Bibcode 1993JGR....98.5319T. doi:10.1029/92JE02726.
  16. ↑ Daniel Clery (October 11, 2013). "Impact Theory Gets Whacked". Science 342 (6155): 183–185. Bibcode 2013Sci...342..183C. doi:10.1126/science.342.6155.183. PMID 24115419.
  17. ↑ Akram, W.; Schönbächler, M. (September 1, 2016). "Zirconium isotope constraints on the composition of Theia and current Moon-forming theories". Earth and Planetary Science Letters 449: 302–310. Bibcode 2016E&PSL.449..302A. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2016.05.022.
  18. ↑ Kegerreis, J.A. et al (October 4, 2022). "Immediate Origin of the Moon as a Post-impact Satellite". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 937 (L40): L40. arXiv:2210.01814. Bibcode 2022ApJ...937L..40K. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac8d96.
  19. ↑ Chang, Kenneth (November 1, 2023). "A 'Big Whack' Formed the Moon and Left Traces Deep in Earth, a Study Suggests – Two enormous blobs deep inside Earth could be remnants of the birth of the moon". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 1, 2023. Kulandwe ngomhlaka February 23, 2026. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  20. ↑ Yuan, Qian; Li, Mingming; Desch, Steven J.; Ko, Byeongkwan; Deng, Hongping; Garnero, Edward J.; Gabriel, Travis S. J.; Kegerreis, Jacob A. et al (2 November 2023). "Moon-forming impactor as a source of Earth's basal mantle anomalies". Nature 623 (7985): 95–99. Bibcode 2023Natur.623...95Y. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06589-1. PMID 37914947.
  21. ↑ Tony Phillips [dead link] Stereo Eclipse 12 March 2007|17 March 2010|http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2007/12mar_stereoeclipse.htm Archived 2008-06-10 at the Wayback Machine.
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