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Umthelela wegciwane le-COVID-19 esimeni semvelo

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Umthelela wegciwane le-COVID-19 esimeni semvelo

[hlela | Hlela umthombo]

Ukuphazamiseka komhlaba wonke okudalwe ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19[1] sekube nemithelela eminingi emvelweni nasesimeni sezulu. Ukwehla kokuzulazula[2] kwabantu sekudale ukuthi ezinye izindawo zibone ukwehla kokungcola komoya. Ukuvalwa kezwe kanye nezinye izinyathelo ezithathiwe eShayina kubonise ukwehla komoya odala ukugcola.[3] Omunye usosayensi wezinhlelo zomhlaba ulinganise ukuthi lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi kusindise kungenani izimpilo zabantu abangama-77 000 ezinyangeni ezimbili[4] . Ukuqubuka kwalesi sifo kuphinde kwaphazamisa izinhlelo zokubuyisana ngezemvelo, okudale nokuhlehliswa kwenkomfa yezemvelo ebizwa nge-2020 United Nations Climate Change Conference[5]. Ukuwa kwezomnotho okudalwe ukuqubuka kwalesi sifo emhlabeni wonke kulinganiselwe ukuthi kuzokwehlisa utshalozimali emkhalheni wezentuthuko ze-green energy.[6]

Isendlalelo

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Kuze kufike enyakeni ka-2020 ukunyuka kwamazinga omoya odala ukushisha emhlabeni oqhamuka ezimbonini ezinkulu kudale ukunyuka kwesimo sokushisa emhlabeni. Lokhu kudale nokuthi kuncibilike amaqhwa asezindaweni ezihlezi zinamaqwa bese kunyuka amanzi olwandle.[7][8] Izenzo zabantu zidale ukuthi ezemvelo zivithike ngezindlela eziningi.

Ngaphambi kokuthi kuqale ubhubhane  lwe-COVID-19 bekune migomo ebekelwe ukulwa nobhubhane okubalwa kuyo ukuzivalela kwabantu nokuqhelelana nomphakathi.[9] Abacwaningi abebesebenza ngokuhlukana ngaphambi kokuvuka kobhubhane lwe-COVID-19, bagcizelelile ukuthi  kufanele kwehle ukusebenza kwezimakethe ukuze kwehle ukushisa komhlaba, nokungcola komoya nolwandle, okuzodala ukusimama kwezemvelo.[10][11]

Ukungcola komoya  

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Izindawo eziningi zehlelwe amazinga omoya ongcolile ngenxa yomthelela wokuqubuka kwe-COVID-19 embonini yezokuthutha.[12] Ukwehla komoya ongcolile kungehlisa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye negcuphe yokuthola i-COVID-19 kodwa akukabonakali ukuthi ikuphi ukungcola komoya okunomthelelaekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu ne-COVID-19. Indawo yezocwaningo ebizwa nge-Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air ibike ukuthi izindlela zokuvimba ukubhebhetheka kwegciwane le-COVID-19[13] njengokuzivalela endlini nokuvalwa kokuhamba kwabantu kube nomphumela wokwehla ngamaphesenti angu-25 omoya odala ukushisa emhlabeni eShayina [14][15] Ngenyanga yokuqala yokuvalwa kwezwe, iShayina yakhipha umoya ongcolile owehle ngezigidi zezigidi ezingu-200 (200 million) uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo sonyaka ka-2019, lokhu kudalwe ukwehla kwezinga lezindiza, ukuhlanzwa kukawoyela nokusetshenziswa kwamalahle.[16] USarah Ladislaw ophuma e-Center for Strategic & International Studies uthe ukwehla kwalamazinga ngenxa yokuvalwa kwezimakethe akumele kubonakale njengento enhle ngoba iShayina izimisele ukubuyela endleleni ebiyenza ngayo okuzokwenza isimosezemvelo sibe sibi kunakuqala.[17]  I-European Space Agency ibone ukwehla kwamazinga kwentuthu yezimoto nasezimbonini ezikhiqizayo endaweni yase-Po Valley enyakatho ne-Italy kusukela kumhla ka-1 kuMasingana(Januwari) kuya kumhla ka-11 kuNdasa(Mashi) 2020. Lokhu kwehla kwenzeke ngesikhathi sokuvalwa kwezwe.[18]

i-NASA  ne-ESA  babone ukuthi amazinga omoya ongcolile ehle kakhulu ngesikhathi ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19 lusaqala eShayina. Ukuvalwa kwezimakethe kwehlise amazinga okungcola ngamaphesenti angu-25[19][20]  ikakhuluka0zi emadoolobhaneni afana ne-Wuhan. i-NASA isebenzisa isipopolo sokuhlola umkhathi i-ozone monitoring instrument (OMI) ukubheka ukuthi umkhathi nokungcola kuwona. Lesi sipopolo sisize ukuthi i-NASA ikwazi ukuthola lemibiko engena emva kokuvalwa kwamazwe.[21]

Ezasolwandle

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Ukuthengwa kwezinhlanzi namanani azo kwehlile ngenxa yalolu bhubhane,[22] nemikhumbi yokudoba eminingi ihleli ayisebenzi.[23] U-Rainer Froese uthe izinhlanzi zizokwanda olwandle ngenxa yokuthi azisadotshwa, wabikezela ukuthi kuzonyuka amabanga ezinhlanzi ezifana ne- herring olwandle lwase Yurophu ziphindeke kabili ngesibalo.[24]  

Izimpawu zokulunga kwezasolwandle zisengama hemuhemu kusukela kuNdasa 2020. [25]

Ucwaningo nentuthuko

Yize kunokwehla kwamazinga okungcola komoya, isigungu esibizwa nge-International Energy Agency siqwashise ukuthi umonakalo odalwe ukuqubuka kwalesi sifo kungadala ukuthi izinkampani zingazitshali izimali embonini yokonga ugesi ebizwa nge-green energy.[26][27][28] Kodwa ke, ukuzivalela kwabantu sekuthuthukise imithetho yokusebenzela ekhaya.[29][30] Ukusetshenziswa kwezembozo zobuso ezilahlwayo sekube nomthelela omubi kwezemvelo ngokwandisa umthwalo wemfucuza kaplastiki emhlabeni.[31]


I- European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) imemezele ukuthi ukwehla kokuhamba ngezindiza emhlabeni wonke jikelele ngenxa yalolu bhubhane kungenza ukuthi ababhula isimosezulu babikezele kangcono. Lokhu kudalwa ukuthi ukuhamba kwezindiza ezithwala abantu kwehlihle kanti ikhona okusebebenzisa i-Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR) kakhulu, okuyiyona enomthelelwa ekubhulweni kwesimo sezulu. i- ECMWF yaqagela ukuthi indawo ehanjwa i- AMDAR izokwehla ngamaphesenti adlule kwangu-65 ngenxa yokwehla kwesibalo sezindiza.[32]

Ezepolitiki

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Inkomfa ebizwa nge-2020 United Nations Climate Change Conference ihlehliselwe u-2021 emva kokuthi indawo ebizobanjelwa kuyona iphendulwe isibhedlela salolubhubhane. Le nkomfa ibibalulekile ngoba bekulindeleke ukuthi amazwe azophonsa azokwenza esivumelwaneni sase-Paris. Lolu bhubhane luvimba nokuthi amazwe akwazi ukucobelelana ngolwazi ngokubhekana nalolu bhubhane.[33]  Iphepha  bhuku i-Time ikuveze ukuthi isifiso sokuqala phansi umnotho womhlaba wonke kungenzeka sinyuse umoya odala ukushisa emhlabeni. Kodwa ke umphathi we- International Energy Agency uthe ukwehla kwamanani kawoyela ngesikhathi sokuwa kwezimakethe kungaba isikhathi esihle sokwehlisa izikweletu zikawoyela ongaphansi komhlaba.

Okungahle kwenzeke uma izinto zibuyela esimeni sazo

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Ukuvulwa kwezimboni ezikhipha umoya ofudumeza umhlaba kanye nezokuthutha kulinganiselwe nokuthi kube nomthelela wokunyuka komoya ofudumeza umhlaba kunokuthi kuwehlise emva kokuvalwa kwamazwe ngenxa yobhubhane lwe-COVID-19 .[34][35][36]

Reference List

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  1. ↑ Earth Observatory". Archived from the original on 2020-04-02. Retrieved 2020-04-09.
  2. ↑ Team, The Visual and Data Journalism (28 March 2020). "Coronavirus: A visual guide to the pandemic". BBC News. Archived from the original on 27 March 2020.
  3. ↑ Myllyvirta, Lauri (19 February 2020). "Analysis: Coronavirus has temporarily reduced China's CO2 emissions by a quarter". CarbonBrief. Archived from the original on 4 March 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
  4. ↑ Jump up to:a b c d McMahon, Jeff (16 March 2020). "Study: Coronavirus Lockdown Likely Saved 77,000 Lives In China Just By Reducing Pollution". Forbes. Archived from the original on 17 March 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
  5. ↑ Jump up to:a b "Cop26 climate talks postponed to 2021 amid coronavirus pandemic". Climate Home News. 1 April 2020. Archivedfrom the original on 4 April 2020. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
  6. ↑ Newburger, Emma (13 March 2020). "Coronavirus could weaken climate change action and hit clean energy investment, researchers warn". CNBC. Archived from the original on 15 March 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
  7. ↑ Is sea level rising?". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 2020-02-18. Retrieved 2020-04-06.
  8. ↑ Climate Change". National Geographic Society. 2019-03-28. Archived from the original on 2019-12-31. Retrieved 2020-04-06.
  9. ↑ Madhav, Nita; Oppenheim, Ben; Gallivan, Mark; Mulembakani, Prime; Rubin, Edward; Wolfe, Nathan (2017), Jamison, Dean T.; Gelband, Hellen; Horton, Susan; Jha, Prabhat (eds.), "Pandemics: Risks, Impacts, and Mitigation", Disease Control Priorities: Improving Health and Reducing Poverty (3rd ed.), The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank, doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-0527-1/pt5.ch17 (inactive 2020-04-13), ISBN 978-1-4648-0527-1, PMID 30212163, archived from the original on 2020-03-23, retrieved 2020-04-06
  10. ↑ Kopnina, Helen; Washington, Haydn; Taylor, Bron; J Piccolo, John (2018-02-01). "Anthropocentrism: More than Just a Misunderstood Problem". Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics. 31 (1): 109–127. doi:10.1007/s10806-018-9711-1. ISSN 1573-322X
  11. ↑ Rull, Valentí (2016-09-01). "The humanized Earth system (HES)". The Holocene. 26 (9): 1513–1516. Bibcode:2016Holoc..26.1513R. doi:10.1177/0959683616640053. ISSN 0959-6836.
  12. ↑ Watts, Jonathan; Kommenda, Niko (23 March 2020). "Coronavirus pandemic leading to huge drop in air pollution". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 4 April 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
  13. ↑ editor, Damian Carrington Environment (2020-04-07). "Air pollution linked to far higher Covid-19 death rates, study finds". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 2020-04-09. Retrieved 2020-04-10
  14. ↑ Myllyvirta, Lauri (19 February 2020). "Analysis: Coronavirus has temporarily reduced China's CO2 emissions by a quarter". CarbonBrief. Archived from the original on 4 March 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
  15. ↑ McMahon, Jeff (16 March 2020). "Study: Coronavirus Lockdown Likely Saved 77,000 Lives In China Just By Reducing Pollution". Forbes. Archived from the original on 17 March 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
  16. ↑ McMahon, Jeff (16 March 2020). "Study: Coronavirus Lockdown Likely Saved 77,000 Lives In China Just By Reducing Pollution". Forbes. Archived from the original on 17 March 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
  17. ↑ "The Global Impacts of the Coronavirus Outbreak". www.csis.org. Archived from the original on 7 April 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
  18. ↑ Green, Matthew (13 March 2020). "Air pollution clears in northern Italy after coronavirus lockdown, satellite shows". Reuters. Archived from the original on 16 March 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
  19. ↑ Airborne Nitrogen Dioxide Plummets Over China". earthobservatory.nasa.gov. 2020-02-28. Archived from the original on 2020-04-02. Retrieved 2020-04-06.
  20. ↑ Analysis: Coronavirus temporarily reduced China's CO2 emissions by a quarter". Carbon Brief. 2020-02-19. Archived from the original on 2020-03-04. Retrieved 2020-04-06.
  21. ↑ "NASA Aura OMI". NASA Aura. Archived from the original on 2020-03-03.
  22. ↑ Jump up to:a b Korten, Tristram (8 April 2020). "With Boats Stuck in Harbor Because of COVID-19, Will Fish Bounce Back?". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 24 April 2020.
  23. ↑ Reiley, Laura (8 April 2020). "Commercial fishing industry in free fall as restaurants close, consumers hunker down and vessels tie up". The Washington Post. Retrieved 25 April2020
  24. ↑ Jump up to:a b Korten, Tristram (8 April 2020). "With Boats Stuck in Harbor Because of COVID-19, Will Fish Bounce Back?". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 24 April 2020.
  25. ↑ Millan Lombrana, Laura (17 April 2020). "With Fishing Fleets Tied Up, Marine Life Has a Chance to Recover". Bloomberg Green. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
  26. ↑ Newburger, Emma (13 March 2020). "Coronavirus could weaken climate change action and hit clean energy investment, researchers warn". CNBC. Archived from the original on 15 March 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
  27. ↑ "Text-Only NPR.org : Climate Change Push Fuels Split On Coronavirus Stimulus". NPR. Archived from the original on 2020-04-04. Retrieved 2020-04-09.
  28. ↑ Put clean energy at the heart of stimulus plans to counter the coronavirus crisis—Analysis". IEA. Archived from the original on 2020-04-02. Retrieved 2020-04-09.
  29. ↑ Commentary: Coronavirus may finally force businesses to adopt workplaces of the future". Fortune. Archived from the original on 2020-04-05. Retrieved 2020-04-09.
  30. ↑ Yaffe-Bellany, David (26 February 2020). "1,000 Workers, Go Home: Companies Act to Ward Off Coronavirus". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 4 March 2020. Retrieved 9 April 2020.
  31. ↑ Discarded coronavirus masks clutter Hong Kong's beaches, trails". Hong Kong (Reuters). Reuters. 12 March 2020. Archived from the original on 21 March 2020. Retrieved 21 March 2020.
  32. ↑ Press release (24 March 2020). "Drop in aircraft observations could have impact on weather forecasts". European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. Archived from the original on 26 March 2020. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
  33. ↑ Cop26 climate talks postponed to 2021 amid coronavirus pandemic". Climate Home News. 1 April 2020. Archivedfrom the original on 4 April 2020. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
  34. ↑ The truth about coronavirus, air pollution and our health". Environmental Defense Fund. Retrieved 2020-04-21.
  35. ↑ Will wildfires keep spreading with climate change?". Environmental Defense Fund. Retrieved 2020-04-21.
  36. ↑ The epidemic provides a chance to do good by the climate". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 2020-04-21.
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