Inhliziyo

Inhliziyo iyisitho semisipha esitholakala kubantu nakwezinye izilwane. Lesi sitho simfanguza igazi ngemithambo yegazi . ^[1] Inhliziyo nemithambo yegazi kokubili kwakha uhlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi . ^[2] Igazi elimfanguzwayo lithwala isOhwe nemisoco liye ezicutshini, kuyilapho lithwala imfucuza ye-metabolic efana nomcalahla ontuhlambili liye emaphashini . ^[3] Kubantu, inhliziyo icishe ibe nobungako besibhakela esivaliwe futhi itholakala phakathi kwamaphaphu, engxenyeni ephakathi yesifuba, ebizwa ngokuthi i -mediastinum.

Ebantwini, inhliziyo yahlukaniswe yaba izingosi ezine: umphundo (atrium) ongaphezulu kwesokudla nesokunxele, nesihobozi (ventricle) osezansi kwesokudla nesokunxele.^[4]^[5] Ngokuvamile, umphundo wenhliziyo nesihobozi sayo kokubili kubizwa ngokuthi inhliziyo esokudla nenhliziyo esenxele. Enhliziyweni engumqemane, igazi ligobhoza ngendlela eyodwa lingene liphume kuyo ngezingcinya zayo ezivikela ukuba ligushe libuyele emuva. Inhliziyo iyinkuxunkuxu evalekile yavikelwa ihaqanhliziyo, equkethe umtshoko omncane. Ubonda lenhliziyo lwakhiwa yizingqimba ezintathu: ingphandle (epicardium), umsipha (myocardium), kanye nengaphakathi (endocardium).^[6]

Amaphatho

↑ , p. 131–144
↑ . p. 1018–1023. Missing or empty |title= (help)
↑ Guyton & Hall 2011.
↑ Starr, Cecie; Evers, Christine; Starr, Lisa (2009). Biology: Today and Tomorrow With Physiology. Cengage Learning. p. 422. ISBN 978-0-495-56157-6. Archived from the original on 2 May 2016. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
↑ Reed, C. Roebuck; Brainerd, Lee Wherry; Lee, Rodney; Kaplan, Inc. (2008). CSET: California Subject Examinations for Teachers (3rd ed.). New York: Kaplan Pub. p. 154. ISBN 978-1-4195-5281-6. Archived from the original on 4 May 2016. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
↑ Betts, J. Gordon (2013). Anatomy & physiology. OpenStax College, Rice University. pp. 787–846. ISBN 978-1-938168-13-0. Archived from the original on 27 February 2021. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 11 August 2014. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)

[1] , p. 131–144

[tabers-2] . p. 1018–1023. Missing or empty |title= (help)

[FOOTNOTEGuyton_&_Hall2011-3] Guyton & Hall 2011.

[StarrEvers2009-4] Starr, Cecie; Evers, Christine; Starr, Lisa (2009). Biology: Today and Tomorrow With Physiology. Cengage Learning. p. 422. ISBN 978-0-495-56157-6. Archived from the original on 2 May 2016. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)

[K2008-5] Reed, C. Roebuck; Brainerd, Lee Wherry; Lee, Rodney; Kaplan, Inc. (2008). CSET: California Subject Examinations for Teachers (3rd ed.). New York: Kaplan Pub. p. 154. ISBN 978-1-4195-5281-6. Archived from the original on 4 May 2016. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)

[CNX2014-6] Betts, J. Gordon (2013). Anatomy & physiology. OpenStax College, Rice University. pp. 787–846. ISBN 978-1-938168-13-0. Archived from the original on 27 February 2021. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 11 August 2014. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]