Amandebele aseNingizimu Afrika
 | |
| Inanisamba | |
|---|---|
| 3 izigidi INingizimu Afrika | |
| Izifunda ezinabantu abaningi | |
| Mpumalanga | 2.1 Izigidi |
| Gauteng | 9,849,331 |
| Izilimi | |
| IsiNdebele, IsiZulu, IsiSwati | |
| Inkolo | |
| Eyesintu, nobuKristu | |
AmaNdebele aseNingizimu ungumhleli Nguni isizwe bomdabu ukuze iNingizimu Afrika abakhuluma Southern Ndebele, okuyinto ehlukile ulimi Zimbabwean Ndebele.
Yize babelana ngegama elifanayo, akufanele badidaniswe nabantu ( baseMzilikazi ) baseNdebele baseNyakatho baseZimbabwe banamuhla, abadabuka esizweni samaZulu, abahlangana nabo kuphela ngemuva kweMfecane.Abantu baseNdebele baseNyakatho bakhuluma ulimi lwesiNdebele.Umndeni wakwaMzilikazi wakwaKhumalo (kamuva owabizwa ngokuthi amaNdebele) unomlando ohlukile (bheka ulimi lwesiNdebele lwaseZimbabwe ) futhi ulimi lwabo lufana kakhulu nesiZulu nesiXhosa.AmaNdebele aseningizimu ikakhulukazi ahlala ezifundazweni zaseMpumalanga, eGauteng naseLimpopo, zonke ezisenyakatho-mpumalanga yezwe.
Usikompilo nezenhlalo
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Uhlaka langaphakathi lombusazwe nezenhlalo
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Igunya phezu kwesizwe lalinikezwe inhloko yesizwe (inKosi), esizwa umkhandlu wangaphakathi noma womndeni (iPhakathi). Izigceme (izilindi) zaziphathwa yizinhloko zezigceme kanti amaqembu emindeni ngaphakathi kwezigceme ayebuswa yizinhloko zemindeni. Indawo yokuhlala yomndeni ngamunye yayibizwa ngokuthi umuzi . Umuzi wawuvame ukuba nenhloko yomndeni (umnumzana) nomkakhe nezingane ezingashadile. Uma ayenabafazi abangaphezu koyedwa, umuzi wawuhlukaniswa ube yizingxenye ezimbili, ingxenye yesokudla nengxenye yesobunxele, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nabafazi abahlukene. Umuzi ngezinye izikhathi wakhula waba yindawo yokuhlala eyinkimbinkimbi lapho amadodana enhloko eshada nabafowabo abancane beziqhaza nomndeni. Isizwe ngasinye sasinezinhlobo eziningana zemindeni noma izibongo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi yonke imindeni yayihlanganisa iqembu labantu ababehlanganyela ukhokho ofanayo ohlwini lobaba.
Imvunulo
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Abesifazane bamaNdebele babezihlobisa ngokwesiko ngezinhlobonhlobo zemihlobiso, ngayinye ifanekisela isikhundla sakhe emphakathini. Ngemva kokugana, izingubo zaba zinhle kakhulu futhi zimangalisa. Ezikhathini zangaphambili, umfazi wamaNdebele wayegqoka izindandatho zosokhele nezethusi ezingalweni zakhe, emilenzeni nasentanyeni, okufanekisela isibopho sakhe nokwethembeka kumyeni wakhe, uma ikhaya lakhe selakhiwe. Wayezisusa izindandatho kuphela ngemva kokushona kwakhe. [1] Izindandatho (ezibizwa ngokuthi i-idzila) kwakukholelwa ukuthi zinamandla amakhulu okukhulekela. Amadoda ayevame ukunikeza omkawo izindandatho; lapho umyeni ecebile, kulapho umfazi egqoka izindandatho eziningi. Namuhla, akuseyona into evamile ukugqoka lezi zindandatho unomphela. [1] Ngaphezu kwezindandatho, abesifazane abashadile babegqoka nezindandatho zentamo ezenziwe ngotshani (ezibizwa ngokuthi isiholwani) ezisontekile zibe yinkatha futhi zimbozwe ubuhlalu, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zomkhosi. Inholwani ngezinye izikhathi igqokwa njengezintambo zentamo nanjengezibopho zemilenze nezingalo ngabesifazane abasanda kushada abayeni babo abangakabaniki ikhaya, noma ngamantombazane asebekhulile ngemva kokuphothula umcimbi wabo wokuthomba (ukuthobeka). Abesifazane abashadile babegqoka nesidwaba esineminwe emihlanu (esibizwa ngokuthi i-itjhorholo) ukuphawula umvuthwandaba womshado, okwenzeka kuphela ngemva kokuzalwa komntwana wokuqala. [1] Ingubo yomshado (untsurhwana) eyayigqokwa ngabesifazane abashadile yayihlotshiswe ngoboya ukuze iqophe izenzakalo ezibalulekile kuyo yonke impilo yowesifazane. Isibonelo, imichilo emide enoboya yayibonisa ukuthi indodana yowesifazane yayisenza umcimbi wokuthwasa futhi ikhombisa ukuthi owesifazane wayesefinyelele isikhundla esiphakeme emphakathini wamaNdebele. Kwakufanekisela injabulo ngoba indodana yakhe yayifinyelele ebudodeni kanye nosizi lokuyilahlekela emhlabeni wabantu abadala. [1] Owesifazane oshadile wayegqoka njalo uhlobo oluthile lokumboza ikhanda njengophawu lokuhlonipha umyeni wakhe. [1] Lokhu kwakuqala ekhanda ngesigqoko esinobuhlalu noma esilukiwe kuya ezigqokweni zekhanda ezibohlalu (amacubi). Abafana babevame ukuhamba benqunu noma bagqoke ibheshu encane yangaphambili yesikhumba sembuzi. [1] Kodwa-ke, amantombazane ayegqoka isidwaba eziobuhlalu noma iziketi ezimbozwe ngobuhlalu kusukela esemncane. Ngemikhuba nemikhosi, amadoda amaNdebele ayezihlobisa ngemihlobiso eyenzelwe ngabafazi bawo.
Umbuso wamaNdebele
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Umlando osanganeko
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]| Amagama | Isithasiselo | |
|---|---|---|
| INkosi uNdebele | WayeyiNdodana yeNkosi uMabhudu | Ekuqaleni wayeyiNduna emazweni amaBhaca namaHlubi . |
| INkosi uMntungwe | Wayeyindodana yeNkosi uNdebele . | INkosi uNdebele yayinendodakazi egama layo linguMaKoro. |
| INkosi uMkhalangwana | Wayeyindodana yeNkosi uMntungwe . | |
| INkosi uJonono | WayeyiNdodana yeNkosi uMkhalangwana . Wayephinde abhalwe ngokuthi "Njonono" ngezinye izikhathi. INkosi uJonono yathuthela nabantu bayo yahlala endaweni esenyakatho-mpumalanga yeLadysmith yanamuhla ezintabeni ezizungeze umlomo woMfula iCwembe . | |
| INkosi uNanasi | WayeyiNdodana yeNkosi uJonono . Isiko lomlomo lithi uNanasi wayedla izithelo ezinobuthi ezazingabulala noma ubani omunye, kodwa azizange zimthinte. Lokhu kwaholela abaningi enkolelweni yabantu yokuthi wayenolaka kakhulu ngisho namandla emvelo lapho besaba ukumbulala. | |
Okuyingxenye yomlando
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]| Igama | Amanothi |
|---|---|
| INkosi uMafana | Kuthiwa wayehlala maphakathi nawo-1500. Wayeyindodana yeNkosi uNanasi, iNkosi uMafana wathutha abantu bakhe besuka emazweni abo eduze kwaseLadysmith wathuthela enyakatho-ntshonalanga eqala ngokuwela izintaba zaseDrakensberg kwase kuba uMfula iVaal lapho kuthiwa waminza khona. |
| INkosi uMhlanga | INkosi uMhlanga, Wayeyindodana yeNkosi uMafana waqhubeka nohambo lukayise oluya enyakatho entshonalanga ekugcineni wahlala endaweni ezungeze iRandfontein yanamuhla ayibiza ngokuthi iMlhangeni. |
| INkosi uMusi | Wayeyindodana yeNkosi uMhlanga futhi ethola indawo ezungeze iMhlangeni inobutha kakhulu nezizwe zabeSuthu nabeTswana ezincintisanayo ezivela entshonalanga, iNkosi uMusi yathutha abantu bayo baya enyakatho yezintaba zaseMagaliesberg futhi bahlala emagqumeni asenyakatho yeWonderboomkop kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zoMfula i-Apies bakha izindawo zokuhlala ezimbili. Indawo yokuhlala yakudala ebizwa ngokuthi "KwaMnyamana" (Indawo yamaBlack Rocks), ohlangothini olusempumalanga kanye nendawo yokuhlala encane. "eMaruleni" (Eqanjwe ngobuningi bezihlahla zezithelo zaseMarula ), ohlangothini olusentshonalanga.
Abantu bamaNdebele besikhathi seNkosi uMusi bathola ukuchuma okukhulu kulesi sifunda futhi naphezu kokungqubuzana okuncane nezizwe ezingomakhelwane, bakha indawo echumayo. |
Uqhekeko lwamaNdebele
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Ngemva kweNkosi uMusi kwaba nempikiswano yokulandelana phakathi kwamadodana akhe amabili uNkosana uManala kanye neNkosana uNdzundza bebanga isihlalo sobukhosi belwa izimpi ezintathu ezinkulu kuqala eMaSongololo (Zonkolol) Phakathi kukaCullinan wanamuhla noRayton . Impi yesibili eMfuleni iWilge kanti impi yokugcina yaba eMfuleni i-Olifants. Umphumela wokugcina wanikeza womabili amadodana umbuso ngaphakathi kombuso omkhulu wamaNdebele ukuze abuse ngaphansi izimo zokuthula.
Indaba yobukhulu ibilokhu iyinto engacacile phakathi kwamaNdebele kusukela ngaleso sikhathi futhi kwaze kwaba yilapho iKhomishini kaNhlapo eyasungulwa ngowezi-2004 yathi iNkosana uManala uyena oyindlu ephezulu yombuso wamaNdebele eNingizimu Afrika.
| Amagama | Isithasiselo |
|---|---|
| King Manala | After battling his brother Prince Ndundza for paramountcy over the Ndebele, King Manala He was the son of King Musi returned to KwaMnyamana and expanding the Manala territory. |
| King Ntsele | He was the Son of King Manala. |
| Magutshona | He was the Son of King Ntsele. |
| King Ncagu | He was the Son of King Magutshona. |
| Prince Mrawu ‡ | He was the Son of King Magutshona. Served as regent until the ascension of his nephew Prince Mbuyambo. |
| King Mbuyambo | He was the Son of King Ncagu. |
| Mabhena I | Son of Buyambo. Also spelled "Mabena" Expanded Manala territory as far south as the confluence of the Hennops River and the Sesmylspruit and as far north as modern day Marblehall. |
| Mdibane | Son of Mabhena I. Mdibane inherited his fathers territories which included the settlements of KwaMnyamana (The Place of Black Rocks)(also Capital), eMaruleni (The Place of Marula Trees), eZotshaneni, KoNonduna (The Place of The Chiefs) and eMbilaneni (The Holy Place) and many more. |
| Name | Notes |
|---|---|
| Ndzundza | Ndzundza through war with his brother Manala had established himself a duel kingship with his brother and claimed the lands from the eastern banks of the Olifants River to the western banks of the Elands River in Mpumalanga. Ndzundza established his capital at the source of the Steelpoort River approximately 20 km (12 mi) west of modern-day Belfast at the foot of Kwaggaskop and called it "KwaSimkulu" (The Great Place). |
| Mrhetjha | Son of Ndzundza. Also spelled "Mxetya" |
| Magobholi | Son of Mrhetjha. |
| Bongwe | Son of 'Magobholi. The Ndzundza territory became increasingly threatened by raids from the Swazi in the east and more worry-some the growing BaPedi in the north. Bongwe left KwaSimkulu and established a new capital for the Ndzundza at the base of the Bothasberg which was called "KwaMaza" (The Place of Ash) and proved to be a solid position with which to push the Pedi back northwards. Bongwe died without issue. |
| Sindeni | Son of Mrhetjha and brother to Bongwe's father Magobholi. |
| Mahlangu | The grandson of Sindeni. It is not clear how power was transferred from Sindeni to Mahlangu without Mahlangu's father. Mahlangu attempted to expand the Ndzundza territory both to the north and south but had limited success against the Swazi and Pedi but gained significant notoriety from his enemies as a skilled military leader. |
| Phaswana | Son of Mahlangu. Killed without issue. |
| Maridili | Son of Mahlangu. Killed without issue. |
| Mdalanyana | Son of Mahlangu. Killed without issue. |
| Mgwezana | Son of Mahlangu. Killed without issue. |
| Dzela ‡ | Son of Mahlangu. Served as regent for the son of Mgwezana. |
| Mrhabuli Srudla | Son of Mahlangu. Also spelled "Mxabului". After many wars with the expanding BaPedi in the north, which led to the death of Mrhabuli's father and uncles, Musi's iNamrhali were lost forever. Oral tradition is not clear on who was the last owner of the mystical iNamrhali. |
Ngokomlando
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]| Amagama | Izinsuku | Isithasiselo |
|---|---|---|
| Sibindi | 1817–1826 | Son of Mdibane. Sibindi fled from KwaMnyamana to KoMjekejeke and was killed by the forces of Mzilikazi Khumalo. |
| Mvula | 1826–1827 | Son of Mdibane. Mvula was also killed by the forces of Mzilikazi Khumalo. |
| Mgibe | 1827–1832 | Son of Mdibane killed by the forces of Mzilikazi Khumalo. |
| Silamba | 1832–1892 | Son of Mdibane. Silamba was left to pick up the pieces of the Manala after Mzilikazi Khumalo's occupation. He ruled for 60 years and rebuilt what was left of Manala during which Voortrekkers had arrived north of the Vaal River and much Manala territory was lost. |
| Mdedlangeni | 1892–1896 | Son of Salimba. Like his father, Mbedlengani made great attempts to resist the expansion of The Transvaal Republic. Mdedlangeni died under mysterious circumstances. |
| Libangeni ‡ | 1896–unknown | Son of Salimba. Libangeni had come into great conflict with The Transvaal Republic and lived in exile. He served as regent for the son of Mbedlengani. |
| Mabhena II | unknown–1906 | Son of Mbedlangeni. It is not known when Mabhena II ascended to the leadership of the Manala Ndebele but he returned from exile to Manala lands and died in 1906. |
| Mbhongo I | 1906–1933 | Son of Mabhena II. |
| Mbulawa | 1933–1941 | Son of Mbhongo I. |
| Makhosoke I | 1941–1960 | Son of Mbulawa. |
| Mbongo II | 1960–1986 | Son of Makhosoke I. |
| Enoch Mabhena
(as Makhosoke II) |
1986–present | Son of Mbongo II and incumbent "Ngwenyama"(king) of The Manala Ndebele. Makhosoke II married Lesotho princess Sekhothali Seeiso in October 2019. |
| Amagama | Izinsuku | Isithasiselo |
|---|---|---|
| Magodongo | 1811–1827 | Son of Mgwezana. Magodongo moved the Ndzundza capital from KwaMaza to eSikhunjini. After being attacked by Mzilikazi Khumalo, Magodongo was tortured and finally killed with some of his eldest sons. |
| Sibhoko ‡ | 1827–1835 | Son of Magodongo. Served as regent until the coming of age of Magodongo's son. Sibhoko was allegedly killed after a dispute with a Sotho-Tswana Chief named Matlala north of Marblehall. |
| SoMdeyi ‡ | 1835–1840 | Son of Magodongo. Served as regent until the coming of age of Magodongo's son. Was killed by a raiding party of Mzilikazi Khumalo. |
| Mabhoko I | 1840–1865 | Son of Magodongo. Mabhoko moved the Ndzundza capital from eSikhunjini to a new capital called eMrholeni which was near a cave complex called KoNomtjarhelo. In the years of Mabhoko's reign there developed considerable strain in between the Ndzundza Ndebele and The Transvaal Republic. |
| Mkhephuli | 1865–1873 | Son of Mabhoko I. Also called Soqaleni. Mkhephuli was known by the Afrikaans name Cornelis. |
| Rhobongo ‡ | 1873–1879 | Son of Mabhoko I. Also spelled "Xobongo"Served as regent for Fene. |
| Nyabela ‡ | 1879–1902 | Son of Mabhoko I. Served as regent for Fene. Nyabela lost a bitter war to The Transvaal Republic and is often cited as the last free leader of the Ndzundza. |
| Fene | 1902–1921 | Son of Mkhephuli. Also spelled Mfene. Fene bought the farm 'Welgelegen' 60 km (37 mi) north east of Pretoria and established what would become modern day KwaMhlanga. |
| Mayitjha | 1921–1961 | Son of Fene. |
| Mabusa Mabhoko II | 1961–1992 | Son of Mayitjha. |
| Nyumbabo Mayitjha II | 1992–2005 | Son of Mabusa Mabhoko II. |
| Sililo ‡ | 2005-2006 | The son of Mhlahlwa who was a son of Mayitjha. Served as regent for Mabhoko III. |
| Mbusi Mahlangu
(as Mabhoko III) |
2006–present | Son of Nyumbabo Mayitjha II. Since ascending to the throne of the Ndzundza, Mabhoko III has contested the paramountcy of the Ndebele people. Mabhoko has lost several court bids to overturn the ruling by the Nhlapo Commission whose findings state Makhosoke II as the senior king of the Ndebele. |