Griffiths Mxenge
UGriffiths Mlungisi Mxenge (27 Nhlolanja 1935 - 19 ngoLwezi 1981) wazalelwa KwaRayi , indawo yokuhlala yasemakhaya ngaphandle kwedolobha laseKing Williams, eMpumalanga Kapa. Wayengummeli wamalungelo abantu, eyilungu le- African National Congress (i-ANC) kanye nesishoshovu sokulwa ngombuso wobandlululo waseNingizimu Afrika .
Isiqalo sempilo yakhe[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
UGriffiths Mlungisi Mxenge wayeyindodana endala kaJohnson Pinti noHannah Nowise Mxenge. Abazali bakhe babengabalimi KwaRayi. Waqala imfundo yamabanga aphezulu esikoleni samabanga aphezulu eForbes Grant Secondari, eGinsberg kodwa waqeda umatukuletsheni wakhe esikoleni saseNewell High ePort Elizabeth ngezi-1956. [1]
Nge-1959, wathola iziqu ze-bachelors e-Nyuvesi yaseFort Hare ezifundweni ezigxila kwi-Roman Dutch Law nesiNgisi. Wajoyina inhlangano ye-African National Congress Youth League ngesikhathi efunda. Umkhankaso Wokuphikisana nemithetho yobandlululo owawubizwa ngokuthi yi-Defiance Campaign kanye neCongress of the People eKliptown kwaba nomthelela ekuqondisiseni kahle ezepolitiki noma ezombangazwe [1]
Wabhalisela izifundo ze-LLB degree eNyuvesi yaseNatali kodwa ngo-1962, ngawo lowo nyaka waganana noVictoria Mxenge .
Ngo-1966, izifundo zakhe zaphazanyiswa lapho egqunywa ejele ngaphandle kokuquliswa icala (detention) izinsuku ezingama-190. Nge-1967, waboshwa iminyaka emibili eRobben Island ngaphansi koMthetho wokucindezela ubuKhomanisi kanye nokuqhubekisela phambili izinhloso ze-ANC. Indodana yokuqala kaMxenge, uMbasa, yazalwa ngesikhathi eboshiwe. [2]
Nge-1969, uMxenge wakhululwa eRobben Island futhi wanikezwa isijeziso somyalelo wokuvalwa umlomo (banning order) iminyaka emibili kanti phakathi kwezinye izinto lo myalelo wawumvimbela ukuthi angalubeki unyawo eNyuvesi. Ngosizo lukaDean of Law Faculty, uSolwazi ongasekho uTony Matthews, wakwazi ukuqeda izifundo zakhe ze-LLB futhi waziphothula nge-1970.
Indodana yakhe yesibili, uViwe wazalwa ngo-1970.
Ukuqhubeka komsebenzi[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
Nge-1971 uMxenge waqala ukusebenza ngaphansi koqeqesho nokwenganyelwa nguRabie Bugwandeen weNatali Indian Congress. Wabuye wazeziswa ngomyalelo wokuvalwa umlomo weminyaka emihlanu ngalowo nyaka.
Nge-1974, wamukelwa ukuba ngummmeli weNkantolo Ephakeme yaseNingizimu Afrika iSupreme Court of South Africa. Ngonyaka olandelayo, nge-1975, wavula ihhovisi lakhe lobumeli lezomthetho eThekwini. Indodakazi yakhe, uNamhla, nayo yazalwa. Wamela amalungu e-African National Congress namanye amaqembu. Okwaziwa kakhulu, wamela uJoseph Mduli, ilungu le-ANC noMkhonto WeSizwe, owabulawa ngesihluku. Ngengqayizivele engavamile, ngemuva kwemizamo kaMxenge, kanye nengcindezi yamazwe angaphandle, amaphoyisa amane abekwa icala lokubulala uMduli. [3]
UMxenge waphinda wagqunywa ejele ngaphandle koukbekwa icala, ngenxa yendima yakhe kwicala lokubulawa kukaMduli.
Wayeyilungu leKomiti elaligqugquzelela ukukhululwa ejele kukaMandela futhi wasebenza njengelungu lenhlangano yabaMmeli bamalungelo abantu iLawyers for Human Rights. UMxenge wayengomunye wamalungu asungula inhlangano ye-South African Democratic Lawyers Association. [1]
Ukufa kwakhe[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
Nge-1981, uMxenge wabulawa yiqembu lezigelekeqe lababulali ababesebenzela umbuso wobandlululo , elaliholwa nguDirk Coetzee, elokishini laseMlazi eningizimu neTheku. Wadunywa ngaphambi kokuba izigebengu zababulali zombuso wobandlululo zimgwaze izinhlandla zamanxeba angama-45, zamgidlabeza ngesando futhi zamnqamula umphimbo wakhe.[4] Umzimba wakhe watholakala eduzane nenkundla yebhola e-Umlazi. [5]
Eminyakeni emine ngemuva kokubulawa komyeni wakhe, uVictoria Mxenge wadutshulwa wabulawa phambi kwezingane zakhe ekhaya labo laseMlazi eThekwini.
Ngomhlaka-4 kuNovemba 1996, umphathi wezigelekeqe zaseVlakplaas,uDirk Coetzee, wanikeza ubufakazi ngokubandakanyeka kwakhe ekubulaweni kukaGriffiths Mxenge. Wabuye wacela ushwele kwiKhomishana yamaQiniso Nokubuyisana. Ngisho noma abomndeni kaMxenge baphikisana nesicelo sakhe sikashwele, uCoetzee wanikezwa ushwele. [6]
Idumela lomlando[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
UMxenge nomkakhe bobabili banikezwa i-Order of Luthuli yeSiliva nguhulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika. Umklomelo wakhe waqaphela nokubonga ukuzinikela kwakhe emkhakheni wezomthetho kanye nokuzinikela kwakhe okukhulu akwenza ekulweni nombuso wobandlululo eNingizimu Afrika [7]
Inkulumo yesikhumbuzo ngoVictoria noGriffiths Mxenge ibanjwa kunyaka nonyaka eHoward College yaseNyuvesi yaKwaZulu Natali.
Bheka futhi[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
- UD Dirk Coetzee
- Amaqembu ababulali
Izixhumanisi zangaphandle[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
- Ama-archives e-ANC Archived 2008-06-02 at the Wayback Machine.
Imithombo[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 [Mona GV New Dictionary yaseNingizimu Afrika Biography Mxenge, uGriffiths Mlungisi. Online. Ifinyelele ngomhla ka-17 Agasti.]
- ↑ 1989. IGriffiths Mlungisi Mxenge Online. I-WITS Paperical Papers. Ifinyelele ngomhla ka-17 Agasti.
- ↑ 2015. UJoseph Mduli. Online. Umlando WaseNingizimu Afrika Online. Ifinyelele ngomhla ka-17 Agasti.
- ↑ 1985. UVictoria Mxenge kanye "nesenzo sokwesaba" ku-intanethi. I-Mail & Guardian. Ifinyelele ngomhla ka-17 Agasti.
- ↑ "Griffiths Mxenge is murdered".
- ↑ 1996. U-Dirk Coetzee Isicelo Sokuxoxisana: I-TRC Iyazi Izindaba Ze-Grisly. Online. I-South Africa Press Association. Ifinyelele ngomhla ka-17 Agasti.[dead link]
- ↑ U-Griffiths Mxenge, i-Fallen Hero! Online. Umlando Wokugcina Umlando waseNingizimu Afrika. Ifinyelele ngomhla ka-17 Agasti.