Ukudla
Ukudla yinoma iyiphi into esetshenziselwe ukunikeza ukwesekwa kokudla okunempilo komzimba.Ukudla ngokuvamile of isitshalo, isilwane noma fungal imvelaphi, futhi iqukethe ebalulekile umsoco, ezifana carbohydrate, amafutha, amaphrotheni, amavithamini, noma amaminerali .Ingqikithi is udle ngumzimba bese kufakwe ngemzimba sika amaseli ukunikeza amandla, sigcine ukuphila, noma ukufukula.Kwezinhlobo ezahlukene izilwane ehlukile ukuziphatha yokudla ukuthi ukwanelisa izidingo zabo esiyingqayizivele metabolisms, ngokuvamile savela ukugcwalisa ethize niche emvelweni ngaphakathi timongcondvo ethize womhlaba.
Abantu abanamandla amakhulu bayakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo futhi bakwazile ukuthola ukudla ezindaweni eziningi ezahlukene zemvelo. Ngokomlando, abantu babethola ukudla ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukuzingela nokuqoqa kanye nezolimo . Ngenkathi ubuchwepheshe bezolimo bukhula, abantu bazinza ezindleleni zokulima ngokudla okwenziwe ngamathuba ezolimo ku-geography yabo. Geographic futhi Emasiko kuye kwaholela ukudalwa eziningi ukudla okuhlukahlukene futhi ubuciko Culinary, kuhlanganise nezinto eziningi zezithako, amakhambi, izinongo, amasu, futhi izitsha . Njengoba amasiko axubene ngamandla afana nokuhweba kwamazwe omhlaba kanye nokwenziwa komhlaba wonke, izithako sezitholakala kabanzi ngaphezu kwemvelaphi yazo yezwe namasiko, okwenza kube nokushintshaniswa kwamasiko nemikhuba yokudla ehlukahlukene.
Namuhla, iningi lamandla okudla adingeka emphakathini owandayo womhlaba ahlinzekwa yimboni yezimboni yokudla, ekhiqiza ukudla ngezolimo olunzulu futhi ikusabalalise ngokusebenzisa izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi zokulungisa ukudla kanye nokwabiwa kokudla . Lolu hlelo lwezolimo olujwayelekile luthembele kakhulu emafutheni ezimbiwa, okusho ukuthi uhlelo lokudla nolwezolimo lungomunye wababambe iqhaza elikhulu ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu, okuphendula ngokufika kwamaphesenti angama-37 okuphelele kokukhishwa kwegesi engcolisa ukushisa . Ukubhekana nokuqina kwekhabhoni kohlelo lokudla kanye nodoti wokudla kuyizindlela zokunciphisa ezibalulekile ekuphenduleni komhlaba wonke ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu.
Uhlelo lokudla lunemithelela ebalulekile ezinhlobonhlobo zezinye izindaba zezenhlalo nezepolitiki ezibandakanya: ukusimama, ukwehluka kwezinto eziphilayo, ezomnotho, ukwanda kwabantu, ukulethwa kwamanzi, kanye nokutholakala kokudla . Ilungelo lokuthola ukudla yilungelo lomuntu elitholakala kwi- International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights ( ICESCR ), elihlonipha "ilungelo lokuthola izinga elifanele lokuphila, kubandakanya ukudla okwanele", kanye " nelungelo eliyisisekelo lokuba nenkululeko ngendlala ". Ngenxa yala malungelo ayisisekelo, ukuvikeleka kokudla kuvame ukuba ngumsebenzi ophambili wenqubomgomo yamazwe omhlaba; ngokwesibonelo Umgomo Wentuthuko Esimeme 2 "Ukulamba okungekho" kuhloselwe ukuqeda indlala ngo-2030. Ukuphepha kokudla nokuvikeleka kokudla kuhlolwe izinhlangano zamazwe omhlaba njenge- International Association for Food Protection, i- World Resources Institute, i- World Food Program, i- Food and Agriculture Organisation, ne- International Food Information Council, futhi zivame ukuba ngaphansi komthetho kazwelonke yizikhungo, njenge- Food kanye Nokulawulwa Kwezidakamizwa e-United States.
Imithombo yokudla
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Ukudla okuningi kunomsuka wazo ezitshalweni. Okunye ukudla kutholakala ngqo ezitshalweni; kepha nezilwane ezisetshenziswa njengemithombo yokudla zikhuliswa ngokuzipha ukudla okuvela ezitshalweni. Izinhlamvu zokusanhlamvu ukudla okuyisisekelo okunikeza amandla amaningi okudla emhlabeni wonke kunanoma yiluphi olunye uhlobo lwesitshalo.Ummbila (ummbila), ukolweni nelayisi - kuzo zonke izinhlobo zazo - kubalwa ama-87% wakho konke ukukhiqizwa kokusanhlamvu emhlabeni jikelele. [1]Iningi lezinhlamvu ezikhiqizwa emhlabeni wonke zondliwa ngemfuyo.
Okunye ukudla okungaveli emithonjeni yezilwane noma yezitshalo kufaka isikhunta esihlukahlukene esidliwayo, ikakhulukazi amakhowe . Fungus kanye ambient amagciwane ezisetshenziswa ekulungiseleleni isibilile futhi zifakwe emanzini anosawoti ukudla okufana esivutshelweyo isinkwa, iziphuzo ezidakayo, ushizi, ukhukhamba, kombucha, futhi yogurt . Esinye isibonelo yi -algae eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka njengeSpirulina . [2] Izinto ezingaphili ezifana nosawoti, i- baking soda nokhilimu we-tartar zisetshenziselwa ukugcina noma ukuguqula isithako samakhemikhali.
Izimila
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Izitshalo eziningi nezingxenye zezitshalo ziyadliwa njengokudla kanti izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaba ngu-2 000 zilinyelwa ukudla. Eziningi zalezi zinhlobo plant eziningana abahlukene cultivars . [3]
Imbewu yezitshalo iwumthombo omuhle wokudla kwezilwane, kufaka phakathi nabantu, ngoba ziqukethe izakhamzimba ezidingekayo ekukhuleni kokuqala kwesitshalo, kufaka phakathi amafutha amaningi anempilo, njengamafutha omega . Eqinisweni, iningi lokudla okudliwayo ngabantu kungukudla okususelwa enzalweni. Imbewu edliwayo ifaka okusanhlamvu ( ummbila, ukolweni, irayisi, et cetera ), imidumba ( ubhontshisi, uphizi, udali, et cetera), namantongomane . Imbewu kawoyela ivame ukucindezelwa ukukhiqiza uwoyela ocebile - ubhekilanga, ifilakisi, irapese (kufaka phakathi uwoyela we-canola ), isesame, njll. [4]
Imifino wuhlobo lwesibili lwendaba yezitshalo edliwa kakhulu njengokudla. Lokhu kufaka phakathi imifino yezimpande ( amazambane kanye nezaqathe ), ama-bulb (umndeni we- anyanisi ), imifino yamaqabunga ( isipinashi kanye ne- ulethisi ), imifino yesiqu ( amahlumela oqalo kanye ne- asparagus ), nemifino ye-inflorescence (i- globe artichokes ne- broccoli neminye imifino efana neklabishi noma ukholifulawa ) . [5]
Imikhiqizo yokudla ekhiqizwa izilwane ifaka phakathi ubisi olukhiqizwa yizinhlayiya ze-mammary, okuthi emasikweni amaningi zidakwe noma zicutshungulwe zibe yimikhiqizo yobisi (ushizi, ibhotela, njll. ). Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyoni nezinye izilwane zizalela amaqanda, okuvame ukudliwa, futhi izinyosi zikhiqiza uju, umpe olincishisiwe oluqhamuka ezimbalini, okuyi-sweetener ethandwayo emasikweni amaningi. Amanye amasiko adla igazi, kwesinye isikhathi esesimweni soseji wegazi, njengesikhuhli sososo, noma ngendlela ephulukisiwe, enosawoti ngezikhathi zokushoda kokudla, kanti amanye asebenzisa igazi kuzitshulu ezifana ne- jugged hare . [6]Template:Excerpt
Izinkinga
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Ngenxa yobumqoka bayo empilweni yomuntu, izinkinga ezihlobene nokufinyelela, ikhwalithi kanye nokukhiqizwa kokudla kusebenza kuzo zonke izici zokuphila komuntu.
Izinkinga zokudla okunomsoco nezokudla
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Phakathi kwempilo eyeqisayo kanye nokufa ngenxa yendlala noma ukungondleki, kunezifo eziningi zezifo ezingadalwa noma zinciphiswe yizinguquko ekudleni.Ukushoda, ukweqisa, nokungalingani ekudleni kungaveza imithelela emibi kwezempilo, okungaholela ezinkingeni ezahlukahlukene zempilo ezifana nescurvy, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, noma i- osteoporosis, isifo sikashukela, izifo zenhliziyo kanye nezinkinga zengqondo nezokuziphatha.Isayensi yokudla okunomsoco izama ukuqonda ukuthi kungani futhi kungani izici ezithile zokudla zithonya impilo.
Izakhamzimba ekudleni zihlelwe zaba izigaba eziningana.Ama-macronutrients anamafutha, amaprotheni nama-carbohydrate. Ama-micronutrients amaminerali namavithamini . Ngokwengeziwe, ukudla kuqukethe amanzi kanye nefayibha yokudla .
Njengoba kuxoxwe ngaphambili, umzimba waklanywa ngokukhethwa kwemvelo ukujabulela ukudla okunoshukela nokunethezeka kokudla okuvela kokunye, okulungele abazingeli nabaqoqi . Ngakho-ke, ukudla okunoshukela nokukhuluphalisayo emvelweni ngokuvamile akuvamile futhi kumnandi kakhulu ukukudla. Ezikhathini zanamuhla, ngobuchwepheshe obuthuthukile, ukudla okuthokozisayo kutholakala kalula kubathengi. Ngeshwa, lokhu kukhuthaza ukukhuluphala kwabantu abadala nezingane ngokufanayo.
Indlala nendlala
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Imfucuza yokudla
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]- ↑ Design and Fabrication of a Mill Pulverizer. https://www.academia.edu/27186173.
- ↑ McGee, 333–34.
- ↑ McGee, 253.
- ↑ McGee, Chapter 9.
- ↑ McGee, Chapter 6.
- ↑ Davidson, 81–82.