Inkathi yokwaziswa

Inkathi yokwaziswa (eyaziwa nangokuthi iNkathi yesiCikizi, iNkathi yezezibhangqiwe noma isiKhathi seziNsizakusakaza^[1]) iyinkathi yomlando eyaqala phakathi kwekhulu lama-20. Lenkathi yaziwa ngokugudluka kusuka ezimbonini ezazijwayelekile, ezasungulwa ngesikhathi seNguqulo yeziMboni, kuya emnothweni ogxile ebuchwephesheni bokwaziswa.^[2] Isileke seNkathi yokwaziswa sixhunyaniswa nokuthuthukiswa kwesiqhebanzuba (transistor) ngowe-1947,^[2] isiqongisi senxoza ngowe-1957,^[3] kanye ne-Unix time,^[4] okwaqala mhla zi-1 ngoMasingana 1970, futhi isebenza njengesiseko sesiKhathi sendawoyonke esixhunyaniswayo (Coordinated Universal Time) kanye neGumelo lesiKhathi soXhoxho (Network Time Protocol). Lezi ntuthukiso zezobuchwepheshe zibe negalelo elikhulu endleleni yokudludlunga nokufufukisa ukwaziswa.

NgokoXhoxho lwezokuPhatha Sobala lweNhlangano yeZizwe, iNkathi yokwaziswa yakheka ngokusebenzisa izimpucuko zokuncuncukisa isiCikizi (computer microminiaturization),^[5] okuyinto eyaholela ekwenzeni izimiso zokwaziswa zihambisane nezikhathi nasekutheni ukuxhumana ngoxhakaxholo kube yesiphoqi sokuthubeka komphakathi.^[6]

Isifinyezo sentuthukiso yokuqala

Ukwanda koMtapowolwazi noMthetho kaMoore

Ukwanda koMtapowolwazi kwaqaqululwa ngowe-1945 nguFremont Rider ukuthi kuzoba lukhonko ngokomthamo njalo ngeminyaka eyi-16 lapho kunesikhala esanale.^[7] Washoshozela ukwenana imisebenzi eshicilelwe eyizinzema nebuhlayo ngaleyo eyizakhincinci ezincuncukisiwe zezithombe zenzuko, okuzobalula ukuyiphinda ngokwesidingo kubasebenzisi bomtapolwazi nabezinye izikhungo.

Kodwana, uRider wabikezela ngobuchwepheshe bezezibhangqiwe obabuzofika emashumini eminyaka ezayo ukuzokwenana izakhincinci (microforms) zenzuko ngalezo zemifanekiso yezeIbhangqiwe, ukuqoqonga kwezezibhangqiwe, nezinsizakusakaza zokufufukisa,..

Imithombo

↑ Hoover, Stewart M. (2006-04-26). Religion in the Media Age. Media, Religion and Culture (1st ed.). New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-31423-7.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Manuel
↑ Grobe, Klaus; Eiselt, Michael (2013). Wavelength Division Multiplexing: A Practical Engineering Guide. John T Wiley & Sons. p. 2.
↑ "General Concepts - Seconds Since the Epoch". pubs.opengroup.org. Archived from the original on 2017-12-22. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2022-08-29. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
↑ Kluver, Randy. "Globalization, Informatization, and Intercultural Communication". un.org. Archived from the original on 19 July 2013. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 18 April 2013. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
↑ "The History of Computers". thought.co. Archived from the original on 2020-08-01. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2019-10-17. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
↑ Rider, Fredmont (1944). The Scholar and the Future of the Research Library. New York City: Hadham Press.

[1] Hoover, Stewart M. (2006-04-26). Religion in the Media Age. Media, Religion and Culture (1st ed.). New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-31423-7.

[Manuel-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Manuel

[3] Grobe, Klaus; Eiselt, Michael (2013). Wavelength Division Multiplexing: A Practical Engineering Guide. John T Wiley & Sons. p. 2.

[4] "General Concepts - Seconds Since the Epoch". pubs.opengroup.org. Archived from the original on 2017-12-22. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2022-08-29. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)

[5] Kluver, Randy. "Globalization, Informatization, and Intercultural Communication". un.org. Archived from the original on 19 July 2013. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 18 April 2013. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)

[Idea-6] "The History of Computers". thought.co. Archived from the original on 2020-08-01. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2019-10-17. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)

[The_Scholar-7] Rider, Fredmont (1944). The Scholar and the Future of the Research Library. New York City: Hadham Press.

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