Inkonzo yamaphoyisa eningizimu afrika
ISouth African Police Service ( SAPS ) ngumbutho wamaphoyisa kazwelonke eRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika . Iziteshi zawo zamaphoyisa eziyi-1,154 eNingizimu Afrika zihlukaniswe ngokwemingcele yezifundazwe, bese kubekwa uKhomishani wesiFundazwe esifundazweni ngasinye. OKhomishani bezifundazwe abayisishiyagalolunye babika ngqo kuKhomishani Kazwelonke. Ihhovisi elikhulu lisyding ePitoli . [1]
UMthethosisekelo waseNingizimu Afrika ubeka ukuthi iSouth African Police Service inesibopho sokuvimbela, ukulwa nokuphenya ubugebengu, ukugcina ukuthula emphakathini, ukuvikela nokuvikela abantu baseRiphabhulikhi nempahla yabo, ukugcina nokuqinisa umthetho, ukudala indawo ephephile indawo evikelekile yabo bonke abantu baseNingizimu Afrika, evimbela noma yini engabeka ukuphepha noma ukuphepha kwanoma imuphi umphakathi, iphenye nganoma yimaphi amacala asongela ukuphepha noma ukuphepha kwanoma imuphi umphakathi,aqinisekise ukuthi izigebengu ziyiswa enkantolo futhi zibambe iqhaza emizameni yokubhekana nezimbangela ubugebengu. [2]
I-Amnesty International nabanye bazwakalise ukukhathazeka okukhulu ngesihluku samaphoyisa aseNingizimu Afrika,okubandakanya ukuhlukunyezwa nokubulawa kwabantu ngokungacabangeli. [3] [4] [5]
Umlando[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
ISouth African Police Service ilanda umsuka wayo kwiDutch Watch, okuyinhlangano yezempi eyakhiwe izifiki esiFundazweni saseKapa ngo-1655 ukuvikela izakhamizi nokugcina umthetho nokuhleleka. Ngo 1795, izikhulu British Kusolwa ukulawula Dutch Watch, ngo-1825 wasungula Cape Constabulary (elaba Cape Town Police Force ngo-1840). Ngo-1854, kwamiswa umbutho wamaphoyisa eThekwini owawuzoba ngamaphoyisa aseThekwini Borough, kwathi ngo-1935 waba yiDurban City Police (DCP).UMthetho 3 ka-1855 wasungula iFrontier Armed and Mounted Police Force e- Eastern Cape, yaphinde yabizwa njengeCape Mounted Riflemen ngo-1878.
Amaphoyisa aseNingizimu Afrika (SAP) asungulwa ngemuva kokusungulwa kweNyunyana yaseNingizimu Afrika ngo-1913. Eminyakeni emine kamuva, i-Mounted Riflemen's Association yanikela ngemisebenzi yayo yezempi kwi-SAP njengoba iningi lezibhamu zayo zazishiya ukusebenza eMpini Yezwe Yokuqala . I-SAP nabezempi babugcinile ubudlelwano obusondelene ngisho nangemva kokuthi iSAP ithathe isibopho saphakade somthetho wasekhaya nokuhleleka ngo-1926. Izikhulu zamaphoyisa zazivame ukunxenxa amasosha ukuba awasekele uma kunezimo eziphuthumayo. Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yesibili, iqembu elilodwa le-SAP lasebenza ne- 2nd Infantry Division of the South African Army eNyakatho Afrika.
Ngenkathi iNational Party (NP) ihlanganisa abaphikisi bayo abanenkululeko okhethweni lukazwelonke ngo-1948, uhulumeni omusha washaya umthetho oqinisa ubudlelwano phakathi kwamaphoyisa namasosha. Amaphoyisa abe esehloma kakhulu, ikakhulukazi lapho ebhekene nezixuku ezingalawuleki noma ezinobutha. Umthetho Wezamaphoyisa (No. 7) wango-1958 wandisa inhloso yeSAP ngaphezu kwemisebenzi yamaphoyisa ejwayelekile, futhi wavumela amaphoyisa ukuba aqede iziyaluyalu zomphakathi futhi enze imisebenzi yokulwa nokuhlinzwa. Umthetho Ochibiyela Amaphoyisa (No. 70) wango-1965 wavumela amaphoyisa ukuba agcine noma ngubani, okokuthwala impahla, imoto, ibhanoyi, noma indawo ebangeni elingamakhilomitha amaningi kunoma imuphi umngcele wezwe, nokuthi athathe noma yini etholakala ngaphandle kwencwadi yemvume. Le ndawo yokusesha nokuthunjwa yanwetshwa yaya ebangeni elingamakhilomitha ayisishiyagalombili kunoma yimuphi umngcele ngo-1979 nasezweni lonke ngo-1983.
Ngemuva kokuphela kobandlululo, amaPhoyisa aseNingizimu Afrika aqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi iSouth African Police Service (SAPS),kwathi uMnyango Wezomthetho nama-oda waqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi uMnyango Wezokuphepha nokuvikeleka, ngokuhambisana nalezi zinguquko ezingokomfanekiso.UNgqongqoshe omusha Wezokuphepha Nokuvikeleka, uSydney Mufamadi, uthole usizo lokuqeqeshwa kwamaphoyisa eZimbabwe, e- United Kingdom naseCanada futhi wamemezela ukuthi ukubekezelelana ngokobuhlanga kanye namalungelo abantu kuzoba yinto ebalulekile ekuqeqeshweni kwamaphoyisa ngokuzayo. Ekupheleni kuka-1995, i-SAPS lase ifakwe ejensi amaphoyisa ayishumi ezwe elaliyi -homeland, futhi kabusha kokubili ezingeni likazwelonke kanye.
Inhlangano[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
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Izinyunyana ezintathu zamaphoyisa bezisebenza ngokuxoxisana egameni lezisebenzi zamaphoyisa nasekuvikeleni izintshisekelo zabasebenzi, kusukela ngonyaka we-1996. Leyi yinyunyana yamaPhoyisa namaJele Yamalungelo Abantu, enamalungu abalelwa ku-150 000; iSouth African Policing Union (SAPU), enamalunga abalelwa ku-35,000; kanye ne-Public Service Association (PSA), enamalungu abalelwa ku-4,000.
Ukwehlukana[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
Indlunkulu yeSouth African Police Service ePitoli ihlelwe ngezigaba eziyisithupha: iCrime Combating and Investigation Division, i- Visible Policing Division, i- Internal Stability Division, iCommunity Relations Division, i- Supporting Services Division, ne- Human Resource Management Division .
Uphiko Lokulwa Nobugebengu kanye Nophenyo luphethe umsebenzi jikelele wokuxhumanisa ubugebengu nezinqubo zokuphenya. Iphethe iCriminal Record Center, iCommercial Crime Unit, iDiamond neGold Branch, iNarcotics Bureau, iStock Theft Unit, i- Inspectorate for Explosives, ukubulala kanye nokuphanga okutholakala edolobheni elikhulu ngalinye, kanye nezindawo zokweba izimoto ezweni lonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mnyango uphatha iNational Bureau of Missing Persons, eyasungulwa ngasekupheleni kuka-1994. I- Visible Policing Division yengamela ukusebenza kwamaphoyisa omphakathi okuphezulu, njengokuqapha izikhulu eziphezulu zikahulumeni kanye nezicukuthwane. Iningi lezindawo zokuhlala zikahulumeni zigadwe ngamalungu ophiko lweSpecial Guard Unit . I- Special Task Force yokuzithandela yalesi sigaba isingatha izimo zokubanjwa kanye neminye imisebenzi enobungozi obukhulu. Uphiko Lokuzinza Kwangaphakathi lubhekele ukuvimbela nokuqeda udlame lwangaphakathi, nokusiza ezinye izigaba ekulweni nobugebengu. ICommunity Relations Division ibonisana nazo zonke izigaba zamaphoyisa mayelana nokuphendula nokuhlonipha amalungelo abantu. Uphiko Lwezinsizakalo Ezixhasayo luphatha izindaba zezimali, ezomthetho nezokuphatha. Kukhona futhi nokuhlukaniswa okukhulu kwezinqolobane.
Isakhiwo sezinga[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
Uhlelo lwamanje lwezinga loPhiko Lwamaphoyisa aseNingizimu Afrika lwamukelwa ngo-Ephreli 2010.[6]Lolu shintsho lwadala impikiswano njengoba izikhundla ezintsha ezinjengo "jikelele" kanye "no-colonel" zinencazelo yezempi. Ngaphezu kwalokho,uhlelo olusha lwamarenki lukhombisa uhlelo olusetshenziswa ngamaphoyisa aseNingizimu Afrika ngesikhathi sobandlululo .Ngo-2009, iPhini likaNgqongqoshe wezamaPhoyisa uFikile Mbalula lakhuluma ngokwenza amaphoyisa abe ngumbutho wezempi ngokushintsha uhlelo lweSAPS ukuze luzobukisisa kahle uhlelo lwezempi. Lokhu kudale impikiswano enkulu evela kubantu abagxeka lokho abakubiza "ngokulwa" kwamaphoyisa. [7] [8] [9]
Uhlelo lwesimo luchibiyelwe ngo-2016. Kwethulwa iqhaza likakhomishana wamaphoyisa esifundeni, enesikhundla sokuba ngu-lieutenant general. Izikhundla ezinkulu nezama-lieutenant zaqedwa, kwathi ama-lieutenant athatha isikhundla sokuba ukaputeni nezikhulu ezithatha isikhundla sokuba ngu-lieutenant colonel.
| Iqembu | Abaphathi Abakhulu - Izikhulu Ezithunyelwe | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isikhundla | Okujwayelekile (Gen) | ULieutenant General (Lt Gen) | UMajor General (Maj Gen) | UBrigadier |
| Indima | Ukuqokwa kwe- </br> UKhomishani Kazwelonke |
I-Actg. UKhomishani Kazwelonke, </br> IPhini Likakhomishana Kazwelonke, </br> UKomishina wesiFunda, </br> UKhomishani wesiFundazwe, </br> Ukhomishani Ohlukanisayo |
||
| I-Insignia | </img> | </img> | </img> | </img> |
| Iqembu | Izikhulu Ezithunjiwe | |||
| Isikhundla | UColonel (Col) | ULieutenant Colonel (Lt Col) | UCaptain | |
| I-Insignia | </img> | </img> | </img> | |
| Iqembu | Izikhulu Ezingathunyelwe | |||
| Isikhundla | UWarrant Officer (WO) | USergeant (Sgt) | UConstable (Const) | |
Amakhomishani kaZwelonke[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
| Ithemu iqalile | Ithemu iphelile | Isikhundla | Isibongo | Ama-initials |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1913 | 1928 | UColonel | Umshayeli | HBN Izinsika |
| 1928 | Ngo-1945 | UMajor General | de Villiers | IP |
| Ngo-1945 | 1951 | UMajor General | Isundu | RJ |
| 1951 | 1954 | UMajor General | Isiqubu | JA |
| 1954 | 1960 | UMajor General | URademeyer | CI |
| 1960 | 1962 | ULieutenant General | du Plooy | HJ |
| 1962 | Ngo-1968 | Jikelele | UKeevy | JM |
| Ngo-1968 | 1971 | Jikelele | Gous | JP |
| 1971 | Ngo-1973 | Jikelele | UJoubert | GJ |
| Ngo-1973 | Ngo-1975 | Jikelele | Crous | TJ |
| Ngo-1975 | Ngo-1978 | Jikelele | Prinsloo | GL |
| Ngo-1978 | 1983 | Jikelele | Geldenhuys | I-MCW |
| 1983 | Ngo-1987 | Jikelele | UCoetzee | PJ |
| Ngo-1987 | 1989 | Jikelele | de Witt | HG |
| 1989 | 1995 | Jikelele | van der Merwe | JG |
| 1995 | 2000 | Jikelele | UFivaz | JG |
| 2000 | 2009 | Jikelele | USelebi | JS |
| 2009 | 2012 | Jikelele | UCele | BH |
| 2012 | 2015 | Jikelele | UPhiyega | MV |
| 2015 | 2017 | Jikelele | UPhahlane | KJ |
| 2017 | 2017 | Jikelele | Mothiba | UL. |
| 2017 | Jikelele | Sitole | KJ |
Izinsizakusebenza[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
Izimoto[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-1990, amaphoyisa ayehlonyiswe ngezimoto ezihambisa intuthu nesisi esikhalisa unyembezi, amaloli amathangi anezinganono zamanzi, izimoto ezazikhipha ucingo oluhlabayo noma ucingo lwensingo ukuze zivale izindawo, nezindiza eziningi zamaphiko ukuze zibhekwe, ukuphathwa kwamandla aphansi komhlaba, ukuthunyelwa ngokushesha kweQembu eliQokiwe kanye namaqembu ochwepheshe ezigcawini zobugebengu nokunyakaza kwabasebenzi be-VIP. I- RG-12 'Nyala' isemotweni yezinsimbi esetshenziswa kakhulu. Imoto iCasspir Mine-Resistant Ambush Protected Vehicle ingenye imoto ephawulekayo esetshenziswa ngamaphoyisa.
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Imoto yamaphoyisa iMazda3 -
BMW 3 Series Highway Patrol -
-
I-RG-12, eyaziwa njengeNyala -
Indiza enophephela emhlane i-South African Police Service Bo 105
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Ukundiza[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
UMbutho wamaPhoyisa aseNingizimu Afrika usebenzisa izindiza ezingama-34 nezindiza ezinophephela emhlane.
Airplanes- 9 x Pilatus PC-6/B2-H4
- 1 x Beech King Air C90A
- 1 x Cessna 680 Citation Sovereign
- 1 x Pilatus PC-12/47
- 13 x Eurocopter AS350 B3
- 6 x Robinson R44
- 2 x McDonnell-Douglas 369E
- 1 x MBB Bk 117B1
Izibhamu[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
South African Police Service nezikhulu ngokuvamile baphathe Vektor Z88 9mm isibhamu kanye sikapelepele . Amaphoyisa aseKapa afakwe iBeretta 92, noma iBeretta PX Storm. Imoto yokugada ngayinye ivamise ukuba nayo ifakwe isibhamu esingu-R5 . Ukususa ukuphazamiseka kusetshenziswa izibhamu ezinhlobonhlobo, okubandakanya izibhamu ezingama- R1 semi-automatic, BXP sub-machine gun, Musler 12 gauge shotgun (ekwazi ukudubula izinhlamvu zenjoloba ezilwa nodlame eziqukethwe kumakhilogremu wesibhamu esijwayelekile), kanye negesi ekhala izinyembezi nama-pensela flares. Isibhamu i-R1 sikhishwe kuzo zonke izikhali zamaphoyisa zangaphambili kusukela maphakathi neminyaka yama-1990, kodwa sisasetshenziswa yizinhlaka zeSpecial Task Force .
Ukugxekwa kanye nezimpikiswano[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
Ukuphatha[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
Kusukela kwahamba ukhomishani wokuqala wentando yeningi eNingizimu Afrika uGeorge Fivaz ngoJanuwari 2000, amakhomishani amaningi alandelanayo ahlulekile ukuqeda ihlandla elilodwa ehhovisi, athinteka kakhulu futhi athweswa icala lokungaziphathi kahle.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwabasebenzi kube nempikiswano, izishayamthetho zendawo zibuza ukuthi kungani izindawo ezidinga kakhulu izinsizakusebenza zamaphoyisa zinganakwa.Umnyango wagxekwa nguHulumeni waseWestern Cape ngokunikeza abasebenzi abasebancane kakhulu (abalungiselelwe inani labantu) ngokushoda kwamaphoyisa angama-2 392, yize babenezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokubulawa kwabantu.Lokhu kube yisihloko seKhomishini yaseKhayelitsha .
- ↑ "Contact Us ."
- ↑ "SAPS: PROFILE – Vision and Mission". Archived from the original on 2011-09-02. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2021-07-24.
- ↑ No end in sight for police brutality in South Africa, Justice Malala, The Guardian, 21 February 2013
- ↑ "Footsoliders in a social war: the police, crime and inequality in South Africa CHRISTOPHER MCMICHAEL, Open Democracy, 25 October 2013". Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 24 July 2021.
- ↑ Amnesty International South Africa Report, 2012
- ↑ "Archive copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-08-21. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2021-07-24.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)
- ↑ The professor and the police minister.
- ↑ Asmal: Militarisation of police is "craziness" Mail & Guardian, 19 October 2009
- ↑ Green Zone Nation: The South African government’s new growth path, Open Democracy, 19 March 2012