Umnotho wezezibhangqiwe
Umnotho wezezibhangqiwe, igama okuvubwe amabizo amabili ukucikiza kwezezibhangqiwe kanye nomnotho, futhi ibizo eliyinhlanganisela elichazisa ukuthi kuza kanjani ubuqhebeqhebe bezomnotho obenzeka ezakhiweni zodaka namatshe (ukukhiqiza, ukusabalalisa, ukuhweba) buguqulwe uxhakaxholo, uLwebu loMhlaba Wonke, kanye nobuchwepheshe bengqukuhlu. [1] [2] Umnotho wezezibhangqiwe waziwa ngezinhlobo zamagama ahlanganisa umnotho wakuxhakaxholo, umnotho wolwebu, umnothosomane, kanye nomnotho omusha. Selokhi umnotho wezezibhangqiwe uqhubeka nokujija kanye nokuthatha isikhundla somnotho ovamile, akusekho ukuhlukaniseka phakathi kwalezinhobo zomnotho ezididiyelwe. Umnotho wezezibhangqiwe ungumphumela wezigidigidi zezinano (transactions) zakuxhakaxholo zangemihla ezenzeka phakathi kwabantu, izinhlangano (imihwebo, izikhungo zemfundo, nezingenzi nzuzo), nsezilekelelini zokucikiza ezisabakalisiwe (iziphakeli, izigonwa, omakhalipha, etc.) ezisebenza ngoxhakaxholo, uLwebu loMhlaba wonke, kanye nobuchwepheshe bengqukuhlu. Umnotho wezezibhangqiwe uthubekela ngokushesha ekubeni uxhakaxholo lwezinto, futhi wawungeke ube khona ngaphandle kwesimo sawo samanje ngaphandle koxhakaxholo.
Umnotho wezezibhangqiwe usekwa ukusabalala kwezobuchwepheshe bokwaziswa nokuxhumana kuyo yonke imikhakha yemihwebo ukuze ithuthukise ukukhiqiza kwayo. INguquko yezezibhangqiwe yomnotho iguqula izicabango ezamukelwe ngokuphathelene nokuthi imihwebo ihlelwe kanjani, abakhozi bayithola kanjani imikhiqizo nezinkonzo, nokuthi imibuso idinga ukuzamukela kanjani izinselele ezintsha zokulawula ngemithetho. Ikusasa lomsebenzi, ikakhulu kusuka ekuhlaseleni kobhadane lwe-COVID-19, nalo lunegalelo emnothweni wezezibhangqiwe. Abantu abaningi sebasebenza kuxhakaxholo, kanti ngokukhula kubuqhebeqhebe bakuxhakaxholo obunikela emnothweni womhlaba, imishunanqa eseka izimiso zoxhakaxholo ezokwenza inzuzo eningi.
Ukuguqukela kwezezibhangqiwe komnotho kushintsha izicabango ezamukelwe ngendlela imihwebo ehlelwe ngayo, nangendlela amakhasimende azuza ngayo izingudla nezinkonzo, nendlela imibuso okudingeka yamukele ngayo izinselele zolawulo. Umnotho wezezibhangqiwe unamandla wokusiza ukwenanana ngokomnotho kwemibuso, imihwebo nabantu ngabanye. Ukuvela komnotho wezezibhangqiwe sekuvuse izimpikiswano ezintsha ngamalungelo wasese, ukuncintisana, kanye nentela, kanye nezinkulumo ngokulawulwa komnotho wezezibhangqiwe kuzwelonke naphakathi kwamazwe.
Incasiselo
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]UmNotho wezezibhangqiwe obizwa nangokuthi umNotho oMusha, ungumnotho lapho kusetshenziswa ukucikiza ngezezezibhangqiwe ngobuqhebeqhebe bomnotho.
Ibizo elithi umNotho wezezibhangqiwe laqala ukusetshenziswa ekuqaleni kweminyaka ye-1990. Ngokwesibonelo, iningi lamaphepha wobungqandavu ashicilelwa yisiKhungo soCwaningo lomNotho wezezibhangqiwe seNyuvesi yase-New York. Leli bizo laliyisihloko sencwadi ka- Don Tapscott yangowe-1995, ethuli "UmNotho wezezibhangqiwe: Isethembiso nokujiyezela eminyakeni yobuhlakani obuxhoxhiwe.
Ngokuka-Thomas Mesenbourg (2001), zintathu izigcoyi eziyinhloko zesicabango somnotho wezezibhangqiwe ezingahlonzwa: