Zwelakhe Sisulu
| OMG Zwelakhe Sisulu | |
|---|---|
| Ubezalwa | ngoZibendlela 17, 1950 |
| Ubefa | 4 ngoMfumfu 2012 (iminyaka ama-61) |
| Ubehlala kwa- | Johannesburg, South Africa |
| Ubuzwe | South African |
| Education | Orlando High (Soweto) |
| Occupation | Journalist, editor, newspaper founder |
| Years active | 1975–88 |
| Employer |
South African Associated Newspapers The Rand Daily Mail Sunday Post Sowetan New Nation |
| Known for | anti-apartheid activism and journalism against Apartheid |
| Notable work(s) | 1976 Soweto uprising |
| Home town | Johannesburg, South Africa |
| Television | South African Broadcast Corporation |
| Political party | African National Congress |
| Political movement | anti-Apartheid activism |
| Spouse | Zodwa Sisulu |
| Parents |
Walter Sisulu Albertina Sisulu |
| Relatives |
|
| Awards |
Nieman Fellowship[1] Louis Lyons Award for Courageous Journalism[1] International Human Rights Law Group Award[1][2] Union of Swedish Journalists Award[2] Rothko Chapel Award for Human Rights[2] |
UZwelakhe Sisulu (17 Disemba 1950 - 4 Okthoba 2012) wayengumlobi wezindaba omnyama waseNingizimu Afrika, umhleli kanye nomsunguli wephephandaba. WayenguMengameli we-Writers 'Association of South Africa, kamuva owaba yi-Black Media Workers Association of South Africa (noma i-Mwasa), futhi wahola isiteleka sonyaka wonke ngo-1980 maqondana namaholo alungile kuma-journalist abamnyama. Wayeyixhoba lokuhlukunyezwa ngaphansi kombuso wobandlululo eNingizimu Afrika futhi waboshwa cishe kathathu ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe kweze-journalism. [3] [4] [5] Ngemuva kokuphela kombuso wobandlululo, waba isikhulu esiphezulu se-South African Broadcast Corporation . [6]
Umlando wakhe siqu
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Umndeni wakwaZwelakhe uSisulu waziwa kakhulu ngomzabalazo wokulwa nobandlululo eNingizimu Afrika. [7] Wayeyindodana yesishoshovu sokulwa nombuso wobandlululo kanye nelungula le-African National Congress uWalter Sisulu no-Albertina Sisulu. Wayengumfowabo kaMax Sisulu, uSomlomo weSishayamthetho Sikazwelonke, noLindiwe Sisulu, uNgqongqoshe Wezabasebenzi bakaHulumeni nezokuphatha. Ubaba wakhe wagwetshelwa ukudilikelwa yijele ngo-1964 ngesikhathi uZwelakhe Sisulu eneminyaka engu-13 ubudala.
USisulu nomkakhe uZodwa babenamadodana amabili nendodakazi eyodwa. [8]
Umsebenzi awufundela
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]UZwelakhe Sisulu waqala i-career yakhe ye-journalism ngo-1975 lapho esebenza njengemfundamakhwela (intern) kwinhlangano ye-South African Associated Newspapers. Waba yi-journalist kwiphephandaba le-The Rand Daily Mail lapho ayebika khona ngokuqubuka komzabalazo waseSoweto ngo-1976 futhi wasebenza lapho kwaze kwaba ngo-1978. Wayengumhleli wezindaba weSunday Post (eNingizimu Afrika) waze wavalwa umlomo (banned) ngo-1980. [4] Ngesikhathi esebenza e-Sunday Post, wagwetshwa ukuya ejele ngenxa yokwenqaba ukudalula ulwazi mayelana nemithombo yababiki bezindaba bakhe futhi wahola isiteleka sika-1980 esabangela ukuvinjelwa kwakhe ukwenza umsebenzi we-journalism iminyaka embalwa. Ngemva kokuboshwa kwakhe ukuthi ahlale endlini angavunyelwa ukuzibandakanya nabanye abantu, wanikezwa indondo yomfundazwe weNieman Fellow. Emva kokuqeda kwakhe ifellowship ngo-1985, wasebenza kwiphephandaba leSowetan. Ngo-1986, wasungula iphephandaba le-New Nation (eyavalwa ngo-30 Meyi 1997), [9] ngaphambi kokuba aboshwe ngamaphoyisa futhi agqunywe ejele ngaphandle kokuquliswa icala njengengxenye yezimo eziphuthumayo nokuboshwa kwabantu abaningi eNingizimu Afrika ngaleso sikhathi. Leli phephandaba lalihambisana ne-African National Congress, kanti futhi lokhu lalikubekwa ngokusobala kwi-masthead yalo ethi: "The media of the powerless" (iphephandaba labangenamandla). Ngaleso sikhathi kwakuyiphephandaba laseNingizimu Afrika elikhulu kunawo onke la maphephendaba abamnyama. [10] Ngemuva kokuthi akhululwe kwiminyaka engu-2 yokuboshwa ngaphandle kokuquliswa icala futhi ngemuva kokuba i-ANC ivulwe umlomo, uSisulu wasebenza njengoNobhala kaNelson Mandela kanye nomqondisi wezolwazi we-African National Congress. [6] [11]
Ngemuva kombuso wobandlululo eNingizimu Afrika, uSisulu waba yinhloko ye-South African Broadcast Corporation okuwuphiko lobusakazi baseNingizimu ngo-1994. [6]
Ngemuva kokusebenza e-SABC, uSisulu wasungula i-New African Investments Limited, eyaziwa njengebhizinisi lokuqala abanikazi balo okwakungabantu abamnyama ellabhaliswa neJohannesburg Stock Exchange kanye nokuxhobisa abantu abamnyama. [12] Ukubambisana kwenkampani kubandakanya indlu yokushicilela uDavid Philip, iSoweto TV nePrimedia Broadcasting . [5]
Ukuqalisa ukungenela umzabalazo
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]UZwelakhe Sisulu wayebandakanya i-journalism kanye nomzabalazo ngesikhathi esebenza e-The Rand Daily Mail . Ngo-1977, waba umongameli wenhlangano yababhali ye-Writers 'Association of South Africa. Njengomongameli, wahola imashi nezinye izintatheli zozakwabo zabamnyama wabe eseboshwa okwesikhashana. Umhleli kaSisulu wamthethisa ngencazelo yakhe ukuthi wayesebenzisa inkululeko yakhe yokuhlanganyela nabanye. Umhleli wakhe wathi kuye, "Ungamashi kumele, ubhale." [6]
USisulu waqala ukuqaphelwa emhlabeni wonke ecaleni elibandakanya ukulandelwa ngobunhloli ababenziwa kwizintatheli zabamnyama kwenziwa ngabombuzo wobandlululo. Ngesikhathi engumhleli weSunday Post ngo-1979, uSisulu wapheqululwa ngemibuzo ziphathimandla zombuzo wobandlululo mayelana nolwazi lwakhe lomuntu owayenguthombo owasetshenziswa ngumlobi wezindaba uThamsanqa Gerald Mkhwanazi. USisulu wagwetshwa izinyanga ezingu-9 ejele ngenxa yokwenqaba ukunikeza ngolwazi lomthombo wezindaba. Kwaba ngokokuqala ngqa, lapho amaphoyisa avuma ukuthi umkhuba wokusebenzisa i-wiretaps kwizingcingo zezintatheli, okwakuvele kusolelwa kabanzi. [13]
Isiteleka nokuboshwa
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]UZwelakhe Sisulu wayengumholi wenyunyana ngesikhathi sesiteleka se-Mwasa lapho betelekela amaholo afanele kwizintatheli zabamnyama ngo-1980. Kwakuyisiteleka sokuqala sezintatheli zabamnyama. Ngemuva kokuthi lesi siteleka sesiphelile, walahlekelwe umsebenzi wakhe, wavalwa umlomo ekwenzeni umsebenzi wobuntatheli, wabe eseboshelwa endlini (house arrest) iminyaka emithathu kwaze kwaba ngu-1983 ekulesi sigwebo. Ukuboshwa kukaZwelakhe Sisulu mhla zingama-30 kuJuni 1981 kwakuphathelene noMthetho owawubizwa ngokuthi yi-Internal Sercurity Act. Obanye abaholi ababoshwa ngaphansi kwalo mthetho kwakungoPhil Mtimkhulu, uMathatha Tsedu, uSubri Govende kanye noJoe Thloloe . [4]
Wathola umfundaze we-Nieman Fellow kusukela ngo-1984-1985. [4]
Iphephandaba leNew Nation nokuboshwa ngo 1986
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]UZwelakhe Sisulu waboshwa kabili ngo-1986.
Amaphoyisa ambophela ekhaya okokuqala ngo-27 Juni 1986. USisulu wabe esebabiza ngokuthi "izigebengu ezihlomile." Uhulumeni wamemezele ukuboshwa kwakhe ngemuva kweviki elilodwa. Kwaba khona izimemezelo zaphesheya zokuthi akhululwe abanye balabo abenza izimemezelo zokukhululwa kwakhe kwakuyinhlangano ye-American Society of Newspaper Editors (ASNE). Wakhululwa ejele ngo-18 Julayi 1986. [14] [15] [16] [17]
UZwelakhe Sisulu wayesevele eqokelwe ukuba ngumqondisi weBhodi yenhlangano entsha i-ARTICLE 19 ngesikhathi eboshwa okwesibili ngo-12 Disemba 1986. Waboshwa wagqunywa ejele le-John Vorster Square lapho okwakuboshwe khona nezinye izishoshovu zomzabalazo. [17] Inhlangano yenza icala lakhe libe ngumkhankaso wokuqala. Wakhululwa ngemuva kweminyaka emibili kodwa akangavunyelwa ukuqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe njengomlobi wezindaba. [10] [18] Eminyakeni eyalandela, waveza inkolelo yakhe yokuthi ukusakazwa ngokuboshwa kwakhe okwenziwa zinhlangano ezinjenge-ARTICLE 19 ngesikhathi sokuboshwa kwakhe yikho okwasindisa impilo yakhe. [5]
I-South African Broadcasting Corporation
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Waba yisikhulu esiphezulu esiphethe i-CEO yeNhlangano yaseSouth African Broadcasting kusukela ngo-Septemba 1994 kuya ku-1997. [17] Ngaphansi kobuholi bukaSisulu eNingizimu Afrika yentando yeningi, i-SABC yahlelwa kabusha futhi yaphothulwa kabusha ngomhla ka-4 Febhuwari 1996. Kwaba nezinkulumo zokuphikisana ngokwabiwa kwemithombo yezinsiza kwezinye izilimi ngaphandle kwesiBhunu(i-Afrikaans), okwakuyilona limi elalibonelelwa kakhulu kunezinye ngaphansi kombuso wobandlululo. [19]
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uSisulu waqokwa njengomkhomishana wokuphenya ngeSABC ngemuva kokuba nezinsolo ezavezwa ngomshoshaphansi nguJohn Perlman . [20]
Imiklomelo
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]USisulu wanikezwa indondo ye-Order of Mapungubwe - yegolide, ngemuva kokushona kwakhe "ngegalelo lakhe eliyingqayizivele ngeqophelo lakhe leze-journalism noma ubulobi; futhi njengomlobi wezindaba owabonisa ukuhlukunyezwa kwabantu ngaphansi kombuso wobandlululo kanye nokukhuthaza ubumbano lwabantu bamaqembu nemibono ehlukene kwezepolitiki ngesikhathi sokulwela inkululeko." ) [21]
Bheka futhi
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]- Umlando we-African National Congress
- Abezindaba baseNingizimu Afrika
Amareferensi
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Murphy, Caryle (11 May 1988). "Sisulu and the Unity of Struggle; A S. African Journalist, Jailed Like His Father Before Him in a Land He Cannot Forsake". Washington Post.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Tributes paid to 'revolutionary journalist' | Media". BDlive. 5 October 2012. Archived from the original on 2012-12-25. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2013-01-28.
- ↑ Lewis, Anthony (14 April 1987). "Abroad at Home: To Destroy a Country". New York Times.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Thloloe, Joe (7 October 2012). "Zwelakhe Sisulu: leader black media could trust, 1950 – 2012". Sunday Times (South Africa).
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Sisulu, Zwelakhe (11 December 2008). "Statement by Zwelakhe Sisulu on the Occasion of the 20th Anniversary of the Founding of ARTICLE 19" (PDF). ARTICLE 19. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2013-01-28.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Gevisser, Mark (16 February 1996). "South Africa SA's Most Powerful Media Boss". Africa News.
- ↑ Carlin, John (1989-10-12). "A family to make Pretoria tremble: Walter Sisulu will leave his cell to join a wife and son who have themselves been restricted". The Independent.
- ↑ Savides, Matthew (14 October 2012). "Struggle icons bury Sisulu". Sunday Times (South Africa).
- ↑ African National Congress of South Africa (3 June 1997). "South Africa: ANC Marks the Last Edition Of New Nation". AllAfrica.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Brittain, Victoria (7 December 1989). "Editor says black South African paper is threatened with closure". The Guardian (UK).
- ↑ Kifner, John (21 June 1990). "The Mandela Visit: Mandela Gets an Emotional New York City Welcome". New York Times.
- ↑ Sapa and Mkhulu Mashau (14 October 2012). "Zwelakhe Sisulu laid to rest – South Africa | IOL News". IOL.co.za. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2013-01-28.
- ↑ Murphy, Caryle (12 August 1979). "S. Africa Increasingly Restricts Press". Washington Post.
- ↑ "Black editor abducted / Zwelakhe Sisulu in South Africa". The Guardian (UK). 28 June 1986.
- ↑ "U.S. Editors' Society Urges Pretoria to Free a Journalist". New York Times. 29 June 1986.
- ↑ "Minister frees detained editor / New Nation newspaper editor Sisulu released by South African authorities". The Guardian (UK). 19 July 1986.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 "South Africa: Zwelakhe Sisulu – a Remembrance". AllAfrica. 5 October 2012.
- ↑ Findley, Timothy (21 March 1987). "Writing: the pain and the pleasure The power to persuade is mitigated wherever you turn". Toronto Star.
- ↑ "South Africa Is TV Relaunching ... Or Re-sinking?". Mail and Guardian (Johannesburg). 19 January 1996.
- ↑ Haffajee, Ferial (13 October 2006). "Inside the SABC blacklist report". Mail & Guardian. Archived from the original on 2012-04-18. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2013-01-28.
- ↑ "President Jacob Zuma bestows 2016 National Orders Awards, 28 Apr". South African Government. 20 April 2016. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 8 May 2016.
Izixhumanisi zangaphandle
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]- In Memory of Zwelakhe Sisulu Archived 2016-03-16 at the Wayback Machine.