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IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika

Hlela izixhumanisi
Mayelana Wikipedia
uMzansi (IsiZulu)
Inkondlo: Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika
Idolobha elikhulu IGoli[1]
Izilimi isiZulu, IsiXhosa, IsiPedi, IsiSotho, IsiVenda, IsiTsonga, Swati, IsiTswana, IsiNgisi, IsiNdebele ne Sign language
Abantu abAfrika baseningizimu
Government iRiphabhuliki wephalamende womthethosisekelo
 -  Umengameli Matamela Cyril Ramaphosa
 -  Isekela likamengameli David Mabuza
 -  Usihlalo weNCOP Amos Masondo
 -  Isikhulumi sephalamende Thandi Modise
Ukwenza
 -  Union 31 ngoNhlaba 1910 
 -  Statute of Westminster 11 ngoZibandlela 1931 
 -  Republic 31 ngoNhlaba 1961 
Ubukhulu
 -  Jikelele 1,221,037 km2 (25)
471,443 sq mi 
Inani labantu
 -  2011[5] ukulinganisa 50,586,757[2][2][3] (24)
 -  2001 uhlolovo 44,819,778[4] 
 -  Ixuku labantu 41.4/km2 
107.2/sq mi
Imali iRandi (RSA)

INingizimu Afrika ilizwe elisezansi ezwenikazi lase-Afrika, yaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi iRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika. Ihlanganiswa amakhilomitha ayizi-2,798 agudle usebe lolwandle okuyi iNdiyeni kanye ne-Atlanthiki. Amazwe angomakhelwane ahlanganisa iNamibhiya, iBotswana, iZimbabwe, Mozambiki kanye neSwazi; iLesotho iyizwe elincane elizungezwe iNingizimu Afrika. Umongameli waseNingizimu Afrika nguMnz. Matamela Cyril Ramaphosa.[6]

UMzansi unesikhundla weholo "phakathi-phezulu" ngokweBhange loMhlaba, neBotswana, noGaboni noMorishisi).[7] Unomnotho omkhulu eAfrika, amashumi amabili nesishiyagalombili emhlabeni. [8] Ucezu lwesine lwenani labantu abasebenzi.[9] Banemali okuncane kuna US $1.25 kosuku.[10]

INingizimu Afrika yizwe elisekugcineni kweNingizimu yezwekazi le-Afrika. Yona iNingizimu Afrika izungezwe ulwandle phecelezi "Indian Ocean" kanye ne-Atlantic Ocean. Inani labantu baseNingizimu Afrika yizigidi ezingamashumi ayisithupha, ukuya ngombiko wakamuva wokubalwa kwabantu (i-Census, June 2022). Iningizimu Afrika ingelinye ilizwe elinothe kakhulu ezwekazini lase-Afrika ngoba linamagugu anjiwayo afana ne-golide, ikhromu, insimbi, platinamu, ithusi, idayimani, i-yuraniyamu namanye amagugu. Umnotho weNingizimu Afrika uncike ekuhwebelaneni namanye amazwe angaphandle afana noShayina, Indiya, Fulansi, iMelika, Mozambigi, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Botswana namanye amazwe angaphandle kwe-Afrika. Ngokomlando, INingizimu Afrika eminyakeni engaphezu kwengamashumi amane yayiphethwe wumbuso wengcindezi (Apartheid). Kanti le-Apartheid yasungulwa umongameli osewadlula wengcindezelo uHendrik Verwoerd, ngeminyaka yo 1960. Miningi nje imithetho eyasayindwa ukucindezela ezinye izinhlanga ezinjengabantu abamnyama, abantu base-Eshiya, amakhaladi nezinye izinhlanga ezazingemhlophe. Zikhona izingqalabutho noma izishoshovu ezifana noLangalibalele Dube, Walter Rabusana, Thomas Mapikela, Tengo Jabavu, Pixley ka-Isaka Seme, abalwa nencindezelo kusukela ngeminyaka yo-1902 kuze kufike lesi sikhathi sanamhlanje. Lezingqalabutho yizo ezasungula umbutho wezepolitiki owalwela amalungelo abantu ababecindezelwe, lelo qembu lezombusazwe kwaba-Ukhongolose (ANC).

Zikhona izinhlangano zepolitiki ezahlanganyela nokhongolose ezifana ne-SACP (amakomanisi), i-PAC kanye nezinye ezifana no-BCM. Kwahamba kanjalo eNingizimu Afrika kwaze kwaboshwa osopolitiki ngaleso sikhathi sengcindezelo abafana no Nelson Mandela, Walter Sisulu, Govan Mbeki, Raymond Mhlaba, Robert Sobukwe, Andrew Mlangeni, Dennis Goldberg,Jeffrey Masemola, Kasrils nabanye. Kanti abanye baya ekudingisweni abafana no-Oliver Tambo, Thabo Mbeki, Chris Hani, Duma Nokwe, Moses Kotane. Kwaze kwafika lapho umbuso wengcindezelo wehluleka khona uthathwa ngabamnyama. Ngemva konyaka ka 1994, kwangena intando yeningi (democracy), lapho umongameli wokuqala wentando yeningi kwaba nguNelson Mandela owaboshwa iminyaka ewu-27 ejele. Ngemva kwalokho iNingizimu Afrika yaqala ukuvula uhwebo ihwebelana namanye amazwe omhlaba. Iningizimu Afrika yabumba umthethosisekelo oqukethe intando yeningi amalungelo wobuntu, nobulungiswa obungakhethi ibala. Kanti zonke izinhlanga zaqala ukuba nelungelo lokuvota ngokukhululeka. Kanti iNingizimu Afrika inezilimi eziyishumi nanye ezisemthethweni, zona yisiNgisi, isiZulu, isiNdebele, isiSwati, isiXhosa, isiPedi, isiSotho, isiTswana, isiBhunu, isiVenda kanye nesiTsonga, kanti zikhona ezinye izilimi ezikhulunyiswa ukungena kuloluhlu, njengolimi lwezimpawu kanye nolimi lwaBathwa (Khoyisani). Umbuso weNningizimu Afrika uphethwe yizingxenye ezintathu zombuso, zona yiphalamende (Parliament), ngumbuso (Government/executive) kanye nobulungiswa (Judiciary). Kanti zonke izinhlangano zepolitiki zivumelekile ukungenela amavoti okhetho lomasipala lwezifundazwe kanye nolukazwelonke. Uhulumeni ngalesi sikhathi uphethwe inhlangano kakhongolose (ANC), ngemva kwalokho bese kulandele ezinye izinhlangano eziphikisayo ezifana no-DA, PAC, EFF, Cope, IFP, NFP, ACDP, MF, nezinye izinhlangano.

Umongameli owalandela uNelson Mandela nguThabo Mbheki ngoyaka ka 1996, bese ngonyaka ka 2009 kwangena uJacob Zuma, kuze kube manje. Okulandela umthethosisekelo, liculo lesizwe elaziwa njengoNkosi sikelela i-Afrika. Le ngoma yacanjwa yingqalabutho lomculo u-Enoch Sontonga, kanti yona lengoma iqukethe izilimi ezine isiXhosa, isibhunu, isiNgisi kanye nesiSotho. Iningizimu Afrika iyizwe elihle elinezinhlanga ezahlukahlukene, njengokusho komthethosisekelo ugunyaza ukuthi izilimi zonke zikhulunywe ngokukhululeka noma wonke umuntu kungakhathalekile ukuthi uyinhlanga yiphi yomuntu. Nazi izinhlanga zabantu esinazo: Kunohlanga lwabantu abamnyama (abampisholo), lapha kuqukethwe amaNguni: (amaNdebele, amaZulu, amaSwati, amaXhosa) kanti futhi sinohlanga lwabesuthu:amaPedi, amaShweshwe noma abeSuthu, amaTswana, abaTlokwa), kanti futhi sinamaTsonga, amaVenda. Sinohlanga lwabantu abamhlophe (zabantu ezivela eYurophu: amabhunu namaNgisi, amaPutukezi, amaTaliyana amaFulenshi nezinye), izinhlanga zabantu ezivela e-Eshiya njengeNdiya (India), eShayina (China) nezinye izinhlanga ezihambelana nazo. Sinohlanga lwabantu bebala (amakhaladi), loluhlanga lwabakhona ngenxa yokuhlangana nokungenelana kwezinhlanga ezahlukene zabantu, isibonelo lapho kuhlangana abantu abamnyama nabamhlophe, abathwa noma amakhoyisani nabamhlophe. Lolu hlanga lwabantu luvame ukutholakala kakhulu enTshonalanga-Kapa, Nyakatho-Kapa, KwaZulu-Natali, Bloemfontein nakwezinye izifundazwe. Loluhlanga lwabantu kuyilo kanye elaba negalelo ekusungulweni kolimi lwesiBhunu (Afrikaans). Siphinde sibe nohlanga lwaBathwa: AmaKhoyisani, amaSani, amarhirikwa, amaXu, amaKhwe amaNama. Kanti ngokomlando osomlando bathi amaKhoyisani yibo bantu bokuqala abafika e-Afrika eseNingizimu, ngaphambi kokuba kufike abantu. Lokhu kufakazelwa yimidwebo egcwele ematsheni ngaseNyakatho-Kapa naseNtshonalanga-Kapa. Kanti futhi kufakazelwa ngabamhlophe abafika kokuqala eNingizimu Afrika o-Jan Van Riebeck phela ngeminyaka yo 1652. Loluhlanga lwabantu lwalugcwele ngasogwini lwaseNtshonalanga Kapa. Zonke lezinhlanga zabantu zinamasiko azo lapho ziphila khona.

Amadolobha amakhulu[11]
eGoli, eGauteng
(isiNgisi/isiBhunu: Johannesburg)		 Inani 1,009,035
Soweto, iGauteng Inani labantu 858,644
eKapa, eNtshonalanga-Kapa
(isiNgisi: Cape Town, isiBhunu: Kaapstad)		 Inani 827,218
eThekwini, KwaZulu
(isiNgisi/isiBhunu: Durban)		 Inani labantu 536,644
ePitoli, eGauteng
(isiNgisi/isiBhunu: Pretoria)		 Inani labantu 525,387
Mitchell's Plain, eNtshonalanga-Kapa Inani 398,650
Umlazi, KwaZulu Inani labantu 388,687
Katlehong, iGauteng Inani labantu 349,866
Tembisa, eGauteng Inani labantu 348,693
Khayelitsha, eNtshonalanga-Kapa Inani 329,002
Soshanguve, eGauteng Inani labantu 311,223
Mamelodi, eGauteng Inani labantu 256,117
Ibhayi, kwaXhosa
(isiNgisi: Port Elizabeth)		 Inani labantu 255,826
Tshivhase, Limpopo Inani labantu 226,622
Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu Inani labantu 223,519
Sebokeng, iGauteng Inani labantu 222,045
Bloemfontein, iFuleyistata Inani labantu 217,076
Mabopane, iGauteng Inani labantu 192,914
Chatsworth, Durban Chatsworth, KwaZulu Inani labantu 192,166

Umlando

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Imithombo

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  1. ↑ "Principal Agglomerations of the World". Citypopulation.de. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 30 October 2011.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Mid-year population estimates 2011" (PDF). Statistics South Africa. 2011. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 30 July 2011.
  3. ↑ "Census 2001". Statssa.gov.za. 10 October 2001. Archived from the original on 12 December 2005. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 30 October 2011.
  4. ↑ http://www.statssa.gov.za/census01/html/default.asp Archived 2005-12-12 at the Wayback Machine. | Census 2001 at a glance | Statistics South Africa | 7 July 2008
  5. ↑ "Midyear population estimates: 2010" (PDF). Statistics South Africa. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 23 July 2010.
  6. ↑ "Parliament elects Cyril Ramaphosa as president". News24. 2018-02-15. Archived from the original on 2020-01-07. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2018-02-16.
  7. ↑ http://data.worldbank.org/country/south-africa | South Africa – World Bank | Data.worldbank.org | 30 October 2011
  8. ↑ 2010 World Development Indicators database, World Bank. 30 September 2011.
  9. ↑ http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601116&sid=aoB7RbcZCRfU | South Africa's Unemployment Rate Increases to 23.5% | Bloomberg | 5 May 2009
  10. ↑ http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDI_2008_EN_Tables.pdf%7C Archived 2021-03-03 at the Wayback Machine. HDI| UNDP}}
  11. ↑ "2001 Census". Archived from the original on 2011-07-07. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2011-07-07.
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