IsOhwe
IsOhwe, noma (uMoya-mpilo) siyinhlwa yevanga enophawu O nenani lobuChwe isi-8. Siyilungu leqembu le-chalcogen ecansini lezinhlwa, okusenza into engenkimbi enanela kakhulu, futhi iyisithuhli (oxidizer) esikulungele ukwakha izintuhla nezinhlwa eziningi kanye neminye imixube. IsOhwe siyinhlwa eyinala kakhulu kuNomkhubulwane, futhi ilandela ihwanzi nehwelanga njengenhlwa yesithathu eyinala ngokwengeziwe kumkhathilibe. Ezingeni lokushisa nokucinana okujwayelekile, amachwe amabili enhlwa enza isibhonqi ukuze akhe isOhwembili, okuluhowo olungenambala nolungenaphunga lobuchwembili. UHowo lwesOhwe yobuchwembili kuyimanje lwakha amaphesenti angama-20.95% woMoyambulunga kaNomkhubulwane, yize lokhu kushintshe kakhulu emva kwesikhathi eside. IsOhwe sakha cishe isigamu segobohla lukaNomkhubulwane esimweni seNtuhla.
Zonke izitshalo, izilwane, nokhunta ziyizinto ezidinga isOhwe ukuze kube nokuphefumula emangqamuzaneni, okuyinqubo egqoba isidlakathi lapho kulumbana isOhwe nemizwayi athathwe ekudleni futhi kukhiqiza umCalahle ontuhlambili njengemfucumfucu. Ezilwaneni ezinomhlandla ukuphefumula kusho ukufaka isOhwe emaphashini lapho kunanana khona uhowo, umCalahle ontuhlambili uhlakazeka uphume egazini, futhi isOhwe lungena luhlakazeke egazini. Uhlelo lomjikelezo womzimba luthutha isOhwe emangqamuzaneni, lapho ukuphefumula kwamangqamuzana okwenzeka khona.
Izigaba ezinkulu eziningi zamizwayi yemvelo ziseziphilini eziphilayo eziqukethe amachwe esOhwe, afana nezakhamzimba, izimunyundeni, izifukuthisi namanoni, njengoba kunjalo nangezakhi ezinkulu zemixube engeyona eyemvelo yamagobongo ezilwane, amazinyo namathambo. Iningi lesisindo seziphili liyisigcoyi samanzi, okuyisakhi esiyinhloko sezinhlobo zokuphila. IsOhwe sihlunyeleliswa ngokuqhubekayo kumoyambulunga womhlaba ngenqubo yomdibakhanyo, esebenzisa isidlakathi sokukhanya kwelanga ukukhiqiza isOhwe kusuka emanzini nakumcalahle ontuhlambili. IsOhwe senana ngokwevanga ukuba singaba yinhlwa ekhululekile emoyeni ngaphandle kokuhlunyeleliswa ngokuqhubekayo yisenzo somdibakhanyo seziphili. Olunye uhlobo lwesOhwe, intshongohwe (ozone (O 3), lumunyunga ngamandla imiyonzi kazukhwithi ye-UVB futhi ubuhalalazi bentshongohwe buwusizo ekuvikeleni impilombulunga emiyonzini kazukhwithi. Kodwa, intshongohwe ekhona ebusweni bomhlaba ingumkhiqizo we-smog futhi kanjalo isingcolisi moya.